Congestion Control Protocols for UWSNs

Congestion Control Protocols for UWSNs

Tanvika Garg, Manisha Bharti
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 16
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3640-7.ch006
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Abstract

UWSN is a grid of many purposes of self-operating nodes with various applications related to various disciplines such as hydrographic surveys, tactical surveillance, disaster prevention, and bathymetry. The process of transmission and reception of messages by propagating sound in an underwater environment is known as acoustic communication. Transmission of acoustic waves is the only method to communicate underwater, as radio waves get attenuated severely and there is severe scattering in optical transmission. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) have important applications in the exploration of underwater. UWSNs have various applications like in exploration of the sea, collection of data, monitoring of pollution, surveillance of tactics, prevention of disaster, in applications of ministry and surveying of mines.
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Background

Issues, Controversies, Problems

A WSN contains many kinds of nodes. These nodes face various challenges. Some of them are: limitation in availability of energy, throughput and communication ability. UWSNs are complex. In this world, networks send data to the base-station. UWSNs have many characteristics which differ from TWSN (Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Network). This medium has limitation in bandwidth, consumes more energy for transmission and delay is longer. (Awan 2019)

Therefore, the characteristics of underwater acoustic sensor networks show that these networks need congestion control protocols. A transmission medium broadcasts to all neighboring nodes that can receive signal. In this a node may not get some packets at the time of transmission because transmitter and receiver perform in half duplex mode which communicates simultaneously on one channel. So the node may not detect a collision. Therefore protocols have to be designed otherwise collision will occur in the channel.

In UWSN, conservation of energy is an important concern because it causes difficulty in charging of the battery .Consumption of energy in UWSN is required at the time of transmission and reception of data which is done for the entire week. In UWSN loss of energy can occur by re-transmitting data due to conflict, implosion and overlap, control packet overhead, unnecessary usage of power in standby mode. Research is going on to lessen the energy wastage.

UWSN nodes are sparsely deployed and there is possibility of congestion. Network congestion takes place at the time of exceeding of capacity of load on the node, this can result into drop of packets, delay of queues or blockage of new connections and interferences of packets .This results in the reduction of throughput in the network. The result is the reduction in throughput. This might result in many retransmissions so that packet loss can be compensated which may lead to the congestion. For the accomplishment of the mission of the network, the QoS should be improved, and hence congestion control becomes important.

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