Conversion of Higher into Lower Language Using Machine Translation

Natural Language Processing

Natural language is an integral part of our day today lives. Language is the most common and most ancient way to exchange information among human beings. people communicate and record information.NLP is a field of computer science and artificial intelligence; here natural language means the language used by human being for communication among themselves. NLP is a form of human-to-computer interaction. ie the nlp basically implies making human to machine interaction easy and in human language .

One of the major problems encountered by any nlp system is lexical ambiguity here the term lexical ambiguity means the particular word having more than one meaning lexical ambiguity in simple words can better be stated as presence of homonymy and polysemy. Ambiguity is further of two types syntactic and semantic. Syntactic ambiguity means when sentence can be parsed in more than one manner. The word’s syntactic ambiguity can be resolved in language processing by part-of-speech taggers with very high level of accuracy. Semantic ambguty The problem of resolving semantic ambiguity is generally known as word sense disambiguation (WSD) and has been proved to be more difficult than syntactic disambiguation.

Word Sense Disambiguation

Any natural language known to human beings there exists that can have more than one possible meaning, for example a bat can be a small creature or a cricket equipment and a bank can mean river ‘s bank or a money bank (the financial institution one) . since if the other meaning than the intended one is used in particular context it can cause a huge translation hazard Given these complications, it is important for a computer to correctly determine the meaning in which a word is used. hence it is very clear to s that Ambiguity is natural phenomena in to human language and it constitutes one of the most important problem for computational applications in of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Ideally, systems should be able to deal with ambiguity in order to increase performance in nlp applications such as Text Summarization and Information Retrieval. The process of assigning the correct sense of ambiguous words Words can have different senses. Some words have multiple meanings. This is called Polysemy. For example: bank can be a financial institute or a river shore. Sometimes two completely different word are spelled the same.

For example: Can, can be used as model verb: You can do it, or as container: She brought a can of soda. This is called Homonymy. Distinction between polysemy and homonymy is not always clear. Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the problem of determining in which sense a word having a number of distinct senses is used in a given sentence. Take another example; consider the word “bass”, with two distinct senses:

• 1.

  A type of fish.

• 2.

  Tones of low frequency.

And the sentences “The bass part of the song is very moving” and “I went fishing for some sea bass”. To a human it is obvious the first sentence is using the word “bass” in sense 2 above, and in the second sentence it is being used in sense 1. But although this seems obvious to a human, developing algorithms to replicate this human ability is a difficult task.

Words can have one or more than one meaning based on the context of the word usage in a sentence. The term Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is to identify the meaning of words in context in a computational manner.