Hybrid Deep Learning Models for Effective COVID -19 Diagnosis with Chest X-Rays

Hybrid Deep Learning Models for Effective COVID -19 Diagnosis with Chest X-Rays

Maheswari R., Prasanna Sundar Rao, Azath H., Vijanth S. Asirvadam
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-6523-3.ch005
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Abstract

The survey on COVID-19 test kits RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) concludes the hit rate of diagnosis and detection is degrading. Manufacturing these RT-PCR kits is very expensive and time-consuming. This work proposed an efficient way for COVID detection using a hybrid convolutional neural network (HCNN) through chest x-rays image analysis. It aids to differentiate non-COVID patient and COVID patients. It makes the medical practitioner to take appropriate treatment and measures. The results outperformed the custom blood and saliva-based RT-PCR test results. A few examinations were carried out over chest X-ray images utilizing ConvNets that produce better accuracy for the recognition of COVID-19. When considering the number of images in the database and the COVID discovery season (testing time = 0.03 s/image), the design reduced the computational expenditure. With mean ROC AUC scores 96.51 & 96.33%, the CNN with minimised convolutional and fully connected layers detects COVID-19 images inside the two-class COVID/Normal and COVID/Pneumonia orders.
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Introduction

With the proceeded with development of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers overall are attempting to understand better and minimize its spread. Key areas of examination incorporate concentrating on COVID-19 transmission, working with its location, creating potential immunizations and medicines, and understanding the financial effects of the pandemic. In this, the model examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can add to these objectives by upgrading continuous exploration endeavors, working on the effectiveness and speed of existing methodologies, and proposing unique lines of examination. According to a sub-atomic point of view, AI can be utilized to assess the construction of SARS-CoV-2-related proteins, distinguish existing medications that might be reused to treat the infection, propose new mixtures that might be promising for drug advancement, recognize potential immunization targets, further develop determination, and better grasp infection infectivity and seriousness (Minaee et al., 2020). According to a clinical point of view, artificial intelligence can uphold COVID-19 findings from clinical imaging, give elective ways of following infection development utilizing painless gadgets, and produce forecasts of patient results in light of various information inputs, including electronic health records. According to a cultural viewpoint, AI has been applied in a few areas of epidemiological examination that include demonstrating experimental information, including computing the number of cases given different public arrangement decisions. other works use AI to recognize likenesses and contrasts in the development of the pandemic across areas (Boudrioua et al., 2020). Computer-based intelligence can likewise assist with researching the scale and spread of the information to address the propagation of misinformation and disinformation, as well as the rise of hate speech (Narin et al., 2020). Likewise, the survey is performed over open-source datasets and assets that are accessible to work with the advancement of AI arrangements. Sharing and facilitating information and models, whether they be clinical, atomic, or cultural, is basic to speed up the turn of events and operationalization of AI to help the reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic (Groves et al., 2016). The reason for this review isn't to assess the effect of the portrayed methods, nor to suggest their utilization, but to show the per user the degree of existing applications and to give an underlying picture and guide of how Artificial Intelligence could help the worldwide reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic (Ozturk et at., 2020). In view of the review of the literature, it closes with a progression of perceptions and suggestions. To begin with, will note that while there is an expansive scope of possible uses of AI covering clinical and cultural difficulties made by the COVID-19 pandemic, not many of them are right now mature to the point of showing functional effect (Shi et al., 2020).

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