Identifiable Challenges as Global Complexities: Globalization, Gender Violence, and Statelessness

Introduction

Globalization is shaping the interaction among nations, economies and people (Scholte, 2005) and remains a predominantly male discourse (Adam, 2002). It affects differently men and women as workers, carers, consumers, re/producers and loan/aid recipients. The distinction between economic globalization and social globalization is one way to make a distinction between the development paradigm which is growth-oriented and the human-centred development paradigm (Aguilar and Lacsamana, 2004) which in turn widen the divide between men and women. Within such paradigms, both positive and negative aspects of globalization are easily recognisable. Globalization is increasing the contacts between people across national boundaries in economy, in technology, in culture and in governance (Scholte, 2005). At the same time, it is also fragmenting production processes, labor markets, political entities and societies, often alienating individuals from the job market (Sassen, 1998). Women are more likely to experience “in and out of work” poverty, aggressive cuts in welfare benefits and public sector employment and services, than men. When women become financially dependent are often more likely to become more vulnerable to violence (Towers & Walby, 2012).