Issues and Challenges Associated with the Design of Electronic Textbook

From Behaviorism To Constructivism Issues In Learning Design

In instructional design and instructional system design many models are related to behaviorism, especially to theory of conditioning. According to this theory, studied by H. Ebbinghaus, E. Thorndike, I. Pavlov, W. James, S. Pressey etc., learning can be programmed as stimulus S and response R. The conditioned stimulus is associated with the unconditioned stimulus within the brain, without involving conscious thought. According to Truta (2003) the behavior is a function of external stimuli S, so as R =f(S), where R – is a behavior.