National Systems of Innovation Using an Application on EU Data

Abstract

The growing importance of technological change in world production and employment is one of the characteristics of the last four decades. Technological change is not only a determinant of growth, but also affects the international competition and the modernisation of a country. The “science policy” is concerned with education and the stock of knowledge. “Technology policy” is concerned with the adoption and use of techniques, innovation, and diffusion of techniques. The division between the areas and variables of science policy and technology policy is not so clear. The term of “technological policy” indicates the national technological capabilities and also the structure and the planning on research and development. This paper attempts to review the theory and the current literature of the national systems of innovation. Furthermore, it attempts to apply some statistical measurement and indices in order to estimate the effects and the implications on EU innovation systems member states. For this purpose, a presentation of data and indicators has been applied.

Key Terms in this Chapter

Research And Development (R&D): Refers to innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, or improving existing services or products.

National Innovation Systems: Is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level.

Technological Policy: Concerns the public means for nurturing those capabilities and optimizing their applications in the service of national goals and interests.