Chapter Preview
TopIntroduction
Quantum Information Science (QIS) is a combination of Quantum Science (which combines Radio Physics, Condensed Physics, and Electronics) and Information Science (which combines Computer Science, Information Technology, Mathematics, Information Studies, Documentation Studies). Quantum Information Science (QIS) is actually an extension of Quantum Computing. Quantum Information Science (QIS) is mistakenly taken as Quantum Information Theory but it has much differences with this. Quantum Information Science (QIS) is mainly responsible for improved and faster acquisition, transmission and processing of information. The 20th century is marked by three monumental achievements, namely, computer science, quantum physics and information theory, which have not only stunned the civilized world but also ushered into a new world – a new paradigm of science and technology. The information technology revolution of this century was directed towards the miniaturization of electrical circuitry on silicon chips on one side, enabling performance to double every 18 months (Moore’s Law) and the deepening understanding of classical information in coding, cryptography and computational complexity on the other side. Thus a new era dawned with the promise of a new design strong enough to handle the ensuing new problems. Considerable planning has already been devoted to the challenges of designing and fabricating devices at the atomic scale using nanotechnology and quantum theory (Viola et al., 2001). Indeed quantum effects are being exploited to perform important, otherwise impossible information processing tasks, in addition to the creation of unbreakable codes and possibly a quantum computer to perform easily computations that would have taken millions of hours for its performance. Quantum Information Science (QIS) is actually an extension of Quantum Computing. Quantum Information Science (QIS) is mistakenly taken as Quantum Information Theory but it has several differences with this. Quantum Information Science (QIS) is mainly responsible for improved and faster acquisition, transmission and processing of information. Quantum Information Science (QIS) is actually nothing but an application and integration of Quantum Science and Information Science principles. Thus Quantum Science is mainly rooted by the Quantum Physics principles and then Quantum Computing and lastly Quantum Information Science. QIS is an existing field which needs intellectuality and mentality towards achievements. Quantum Information System is the ultimate result of healthy Quantum Information Science (QIS) practice. This article talks about Quantum Information Science (QIS); its background and origin. Possibilities of Quantum Information Science (QIS) as an academic domain and possible courses emphasizing challenges and opportunities to introduce it in I-School or Information Science departments with specialization are explored (Paul, 2012).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Information Science: Information Science is actually a discipline of disciplines. It has come from the subject which deals with information, information services, information activities and digital information. So mainly from library science, archive science, documentation science, computer science it has originated; however this is not truly computer science nor library science. This is an interdisciplinary science; which is a combination of Library Science, Computer Science, Information Technology, Management Science, Operation Research and the subjects that deal with information.
Quantum Information Science: Quantum Information Science [QIS] is a new field which is responsible for faster and advance Communication powered by QBIT. Actually Quantum is the main pillar of Quantum Science. The integration of Quantum Science and Information Science may treat as Quantum Information Science [QIS]. Quantum Computer plays an important role to build healthy Quantum Information Science [QIS] practice. Today’s super computer and in future computer QBIT may solve hard problem and may able in speed up communication in Computation.
Information School: I-Schools are academic units which work for professional and academic solution of Information and Technologies. Information Schools are responsible for providing manpower in the field of Information and Technologies and Computing. I-Schools gained popularity during 1990’s when Internet reached the common people and other commercial ventures. It is in this time the explosion of information has lead the development of healthy information management approach. Earlier evolution of I-Schools provided such knowledge as Library Science, Communication Science, Mass-Communication, Computer Science and Information Technology.
Interdisciplinary: Connection between some subjects irrespective of domain and direct and indirect connection with main facet or sub field.
Quantum Computing: Computers which are run according to the power and system of Quantum Bit and only employed for faster computer operation.
Computing: Computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; processing structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific studies using computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; creating and using communications and entertainment media; finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on (ACM).abbreviations and Acronyms.
Information: Information as a concept has a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.