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What is Action Unit (AU)

Chapter 16
Handbook of Research on Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Imaging and Biomedical Applications
The key element of FACS, each action unit describes facial deformation due to each facial muscle movement. There are a total of 44 AUs where the majority involves contraction or relaxation of facial muscles and the rest involve miscellaneous actions such as “tongue show” or “bite lip”
Published in Chapter:
Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Facial Expression Recognition
Anastasios Koutlas (University of Ioannina, Greece) and Dimitrios I. Fotiadis (University of Ioannina, Greece)
Copyright: © 2009 |Pages: 16
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-314-2.ch016
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to analyze the recent advances in image processing and machine learning techniques with respect to facial expression recognition. A comprehensive review of recently proposed methods is provided along with an analysis of the advantages and the shortcomings of existing systems. Moreover, an example for the automatic identification of basic emotions is presented: Active Shape Models are used to identify prominent features of the face; Gabor filters are used to represent facial geometry at selected locations of fiducial points and Artificial Neural Networks are used for the classification into the basic emotions (anger, surprise, fear, happiness, sadness, disgust, neutral); and finally, the future trends towards automatic facial expression recognition are described.
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