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What is Affordance

Assistive Technologies for Assessment and Recovery of Neurological Impairments
The alignment between the features and functionalities of a technology and the needs and characteristics of a user and that work together to enable and sustain a satisfactory use experience.
Published in Chapter:
Interactive Computer Play in the Pursuit of Gait Optimization for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Home, Video Games, and Motivation
Manon Maitland Schladen (The Catholic University of America, USA), Yiannis Koumpouros (University of West Attica, Greece), Elena America Choong (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA), and Justine Lee Belschner (Children's National Hospital, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7430-0.ch004
Abstract
Exercise therapy delivered through interactive computer play (ICP) has been shown to be effective for improving gross motor skills, and ultimately gait, in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This chapter provides an overview of CP, its impact on, gait and the current physical therapy (PT) standard of care. The history of the home exercise program (HEP) component of standard PT care is described, along with the potential for using ICP to improve HEP. ICP systems are surveyed, and their defining features discussed. The current therapeutic use of ICP is described and directions for further development to enhance therapeutic utility presented. A theoretical framework to support ICP implementation, self-determination theory (SDT), is outlined, and an example of its exploration in a pilot effort is provided. An example of healthcare system barriers to rapid uptake of ICP is presented along with alternative strategies for deployment and recommendations for further research.
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Excavating Business Intelligence from Social Media
It is a quality of an object that denotes the range of possible actions offered by that object. Considering affordances is necessary to identify possibilities for action within a virtual settlement.
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Ambient Intelligence
In a simplified way, it is a concept related to the properties of an object, where the object itself, because of its shape and design, suggests or “authorizes” the way it should be used. The interpretation of affordance, however, is not univocal and depends on the school of thought to which one makes reference. Since its introduction by the scholar J. J. Gibson, a major variation to the set of notions surrounding this concept is due to D. Norman (see before), who discussed it in the framework of industrial design and Human Computer Interaction.
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Attention Perception and Social Cognition: Bridging the Gap Between the Physical and Perceived
The intuitive reasoning of how a particular object must be used as informed by the object or the context where the object is present.
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E-Mentoring: Mentoring at a Distance
A design feature purposefully embedded in an object, technology, or environment in order to clarify its use, to suggest other possible uses, or to make use easier. The extent to which an affordance is utilized depends on the recognition, ability, and inclination of the user.
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Purposefully-Designed and Mindfully-Facilitated Online Courses
A design feature that is purposefully embedded in an object, or environment, in order to clarify its use, to suggest other possible uses, or to make use easier. The extent to which an affordance is utilized depends on the recognition, ability, and inclination of the user.
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The Structural and Dialogic Aspects of Language Massive Open Online Courses (LMOOCs): A Case Study
A feature or characteristic of something that makes it easier for its users to perform an action.
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Social Media Affordances
“Opportunities for action” as perceived by an organism in its environment.
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Designing for Purpose-Driven Technology Use Among Preservice English Teachers
The term “affordance” was coined in 1977 by psychologist James Gibson. An affordance is the possibility of action(s) with a tool, digital or nondigital. All tools have affordances.
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With the Likeness and Voice of Mentor: Mentoring Presence in Online Distance Learning
A design feature that is purposefully embedded in an object, or environment, in order to clarify its use, to suggest other possible uses, or make its use easier. The extent to which an affordance is utilized depends on the recognition, ability, and inclination of the user.
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Enabling Distributed Cognitive Collaborations on the Semantic Web
An affordance is a resource or support that the environment offers an agent for action, and that the agent can directly perceive and employ.
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The Role of Metacognition in Learning via Serious Games
The relationship between the properties of an object and a person’s capabilities to use those properties in goal-directed activities ( Gibson, 1979 ; Norman, 2013 ).
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Software Literacy
A person’s perceived opportunity to utilise a particular tool for action, for example, a doorknob is for turning. Within software, these are typically organised through user interfaces.
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Unstructured Information as a Socio-Technical Dilemma
The term refers to the fit between an animal’s capabilities and the environmental supports and opportunities. An affordance is a potentiality for action; in other words, an action that can potentially be performed by a specific organism in a specific environment.
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Public Opinion and the Internet
This concept was introduced by ecological psychologist James J. Gibson (1979). It refers to all the action possibilities latent in an environment for a particular observer. They are somewhat complicated in that they depend on the observer’s capacities for action, but are at the same time independent of the individual’s ability to recognize the possibilities. Affordances are distinct from functions in that functions tend to be specific opportunities for action associated with the “purpose” of an object, whereas affordances extend beyond the single purpose into all the inherent possibilities.
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Fancy or Efficiency?: Which Are the Guidelines for an Effective Training on VLEs? A Crash Case in Anti-Cancer Pharmaceutical Production
“ The affordances of the environment are what it offers the animal, what it provides or furnishes, either for good or ill. The verb to afford is found in the dictionary, the noun affordance is not. I have made it up. I mean by it something that refers to both the environment and the animal in a way that no existing term does. It implies the complementarity of the animal and the environment ”. J. J. Gibson (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH), Boston.
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Affordances in Virtual World Learning Communities
A characteristic of an environment that make learning possible in a certain way.
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Human Factors: An Authentic Learning Mobile Application Design Project in a Higher Education and Industry Context
The design of the control (button, knob, etc.) informs users how to use it, such as a door handle affords the act of pulling.
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Preparing Pre-Service STEM Teachers to Teach Using Digital Modeling and Simulation Applications
Specific features of a tool or technology that facilitate learning. Affordance of different educational technologies vary and may include features such as visualization, interaction, manipulation, calculation, or play, to name a few.
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Game Design Frameworks and Reality Guides
An opportunity for action made available by an interface.
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Using Google Drive to Write Dialogically with Teachers
The perceived properties of a tool that represent its potential use. These properties have social, cultural, and historical significance and meaning.
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Appropriating Zoom to Provide Access to One-to-One Writing Support
The potential actions or uses a learning environment or tool offers to a student, accounting for the interaction between an educational resource's properties and a learner's abilities.
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Creative Collaborative Virtual Environments
The concept of affordance is somewhat variable across scientific areas. Its mutation from verb to noun occurs in Gibson’s Theory of Affordances ( Gibson, 1986 ), referring to environmental actionable properties, but ultimately designating relationships between environments and actors therein. Affordances have been ascribed a functional role in active cognition, in an attempt to deconstruct our perception of such relationships, as when Donald Norman (1999) discusses real versus perceived affordances in interface design. Currently, affordances are strongly related with interaction processes, designating a range of action possibilities ( Xenakis & Arnellos, 2013 ) emerging from engagement between actor and environment or artifact.
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Efficient Mobile Learning in Classroom Settings through MLE
Is a characteristic related to the message received from a virtual or physical object that implies its specific manner of use.
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E-Learning Design for the Information Workplace
Inherent usefulness of an object or tool related to those actions or possibilities which are readily perceivable by the user.
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Software Literacy as a Vital Digital Literacy in a Software-Saturated World
A person’s perceived opportunity to utilise a particular tool for action, for example, a doorknob is for turning. Within software, these are typically organised through user interfaces.
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The Role of Robotic Telepresence in the Academic Library
The way that a technology works and the understanding of what it can and cannot allow the user to do (Willcockson & Phelps, 2010).
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Understanding User Experience
The perception and actual properties which are used to determine the possibilities for actionable use.
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International Students' Learning of EAP and Affordances in Online Learning Environments
It is defined as a feature or property of an online learning environment which can help learners use resources in this environment.
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Structuring and Facilitating Online Learning through Learning / Course Management Systems
An enablement or ability, something that is made possible because of a mediating technology.
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What Is It They Want?: Student Perceptions of Emergency Remote Teaching
Possibility or potential of use that something has due to its characteristics.
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Usability and Affordances for Teaching and Learning in Second Life
Affordances are those qualities of objects that lend themselves to the performance of a particular task or action. In computer software an affordance is often some aspect of the interface that suggests inherently how it is to be used.
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