What is Citizenship

This article discusses the socio-political and theoretical background of the literature on the question as to whether the internet promotes young people's internet-based civic participation; which main strands of empirical research on that issue have emerged over the years; and in what ways and for what reasons different forms of knowledge that have been produced by extant research seem to be intrinsically incompatible. The suggested directions for future research should alleviate those tensions between the divergent forms of knowledge, and alter the standardized narratives in the literature about youth's online civic participation, which, as a partial artifact of the differences in scholars' research focus and methods, have all too often been constructed either as an elitist exercise that normalizes offline business as usual, or as a panacea for old socio-political inequalities. More nuanced narratives may lie somewhere in the middle, and are yet to be fully developed by this young but lively field of literature.