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What is Frames of Reference

Paradigm Shifts in 21st Century Teaching and Learning
The structures of assumptions through which we understand our experiences.
Published in Chapter:
Effective Implementation of Sustainability Education in Higher Education Settings via Transformative Learning Approach: Literature Review and Framework Proposal
Sadaf Taimur (The University of Tokyo, Japan) and Motoharu Onuki (The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3146-4.ch015
Abstract
In this chapter, the importance of equipping educators with transformative learning approach to implement sustainability education in higher education settings has been discussed. The chapter talks about sustainability education as a way to achieve sustainable development and transformative learning approach to implement sustainability education effectively in higher education settings. The entry discusses the literature introducing the prominent concepts and ideas for transformative learning approach and establishes the importance of providing educators with the right pedagogy for effective implementation of sustainability education, in higher education settings, using transformative learning approach. In the final section, the authors conceptualized a framework, based on literature review, highlighting the learning experiences and the pedagogies required to bring transformative learning approach to practice in the context of sustainability education in higher education settings.
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Using Cyberspace to Promote Transformative Learning Experiences and Consequently Democracy in the Workplace
These are the “structures of assumptions and expectations through which we filter sense impressions” ( Mezirow, 2001 , p. 16). One’s frames of reference shape how a person perceives, thinks and feels and provides the framework by which one makes meaning of experiences. Frames of reference are “composed of two dimensions, a habit of mind and resulting points of view” ( Mezirow, 2001 , p. 17) that determine how we will choose to act in a particular situation and how we will interpret the actions or speech of others.
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