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What is Human Capital

Handbook of Research on Enterprise 2.0: Technological, Social, and Organizational Dimensions
Human capital is the knowledge, skills and experience of individuals.
Published in Chapter:
How to Value and Monitor the Relational Capital of Knowledge-Intensive Organizations
Alexandre Barão (Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal) and Alberto Rodrigues da Silva (INESC-ID/Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4373-4.ch012
Abstract
Knowledge management systems are a way to help tracking and keeping organizational knowledge. Typically, organizations value is greater than their tangible assets value. Human, structural, and relational capital is essential knowledge but difficult to evaluate because it tends to be tacit and spread in different organizational elements. The relational capital, as tacit knowledge, is not possible to capture its value as from accounting systems. There is a lack of models to evaluate the relational capital of organizations in a network perspective and this research question is: What is the value of this social network? SNARE (Social Network Analysis and Reengineering Environment) is a framework with engineering artifacts that can answer this question. With the aim of evaluating the relational capital of organizations, the authors develop three SNARE components: (1) SNARE-Language – a descriptive UML-based method that provides a representation of an abstract social network structure able to be extended and applied to organizations; (2) SNARE-RCO – a model to determine the relational capital of organizations; and (3) SNARE-Explorer – based on SNARE-Language, is a tool for social networks visualization able to simulate or use real social network scenarios. It also uses SNARE-RCO model to compute the value of the organizational relational capital. The chapter presents an approach for the measurement of the value of organizations' networks.
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Happiness Management in the Corporate Domain: A Bibliometric Analysis
Human capital is a term used in the economic theory of growth to designate a factor of production dependent on the degree of training and productivity of the people involved in a productive process.
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Proposal of Indicators for Intellectual Capital in Higher Education
It is composed of creativity, skill, research potential, knowledge, talent, and experiences of professors, students, researchers, and administrative staff of the educational organization to perform their functions.
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Social Networks through an Entrepreneurial Mindset
The knowledge, skills, and competencies of people. Human capital is valuable as the renewable part of intellectual capital. It is the constant source of creativity, innovation, and ability to change.
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Biliteracy and Human Capital in Texas Border Colonias
A set of theories which aim to describe the physical and symbolic resources available to actors in a given context, including (in this chapter) academic, affective, cognitive, economic, inter-cultural, and social forms of capital.
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Women Entrepreneurship across Nations: Opportunities and Challenges
It is the measure of the skills, knowledge and experience possessed by an individual or organization in terms of their value or cost to the organization.
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The Role of Arts and Music in Early Childhood Education
Knowledge, skills, and abilities that are linked with an individuals’ propensity to create and execute on work.
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Closing the Gender Gap in Human Capital Formation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
The stock of knowledge, skills abilities and attributes to perform to produce economic value.
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Corruption Levels and Country Cluster: A Comparative Analysis
Knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals that contribute to economic development. It includes education, training, and experience, and is a key factor in determining the productivity and competitiveness of an economy.
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Reinventing Operating Models for Sustainable Organizational Performance: The Case of the Big Search
It is the structural enabling of organizations to invest in the people’s skills, knowledge, education, health, and other wellbeing aspects that has positive returns into the business reflected as loyalty for instance.
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Sustainability Reporting on Labor Practices: An Examination in Turkey
An approach representing employees of an organization as valuable assets.
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HR Portal: A Tool for Contingent and Individualized HRM
There are four individual factors which, when combined, define human capital: the genetic inheritance, education, experience, and attitudes about life and business.
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To Take or Not to Take?: The Importance of Business Ethics
An Economic theory which assumed that man is the most valuable asset of an enterprise. The man is not only workforce but also knowledge, skills, competencies, experience, and attitude.
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An Empirical Study on Unique Sustainability Nexus: Evidence From Developed and Developing Nations
It is the type of capital generated through education, research and developmental activities. It is the indicator for skilled labor.
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The Japanese Tertiary Education System and Its Impact on Economic Conditions from 2000 to 2010: Human Capital Formation
The accumulation of knowledge, particularly from formalized education, expressed as the individual human capability to complete some form of labor that produces economic value to society ( Becker, 1993 ).
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Critical Success Factors and Core Competencies
Roos et al. (1997) describe human capital as the company soul. It is referent to people as source of organizational wealth. Constitutes the individual capacities, knowledge, skills and experience of the employees and directors (Edvinsson & Malone, 1997), is the source of innovation and strategic renovation (Stewart, 1998). Although is difficult to codify, identify and to valuate (Bontis, 1996) is considered the pillar of all value creation activities (Edvinsson & Malone, 1997), it essence is the intelligence escarped on the firm members (Bontis, 1999).
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Intellectual Capital Models and their Role within Information Systems
All the intangible assets associated with the company’s personnel, such as their skills, motivation, experience, commitment, and so forth.
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Employee Incentives and Retention for an E-World
The collection of knowledge, capabilities, and capacities of the human resources and processes within an organization with the understanding that this collection has value for, is an asset of, provides economic advantages to, and can be enhanced by investment from the organization.
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Valuing Intellectual Capital at the Postgraduate Level in Higher Education Institutions
The skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country.
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Teacher, Mentor, and Teacher Education
The value of a laborer in the capitalist attempt to develop surplus value. Often trained with particular knowledge, habits, and attributes.
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Value Creation, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship: Feedback Effects
A productive resource which brings together the training, abilities and skills of individuals who take part in production processes and which are related to work productivity. It depends on factors such as education and experience.
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Preparing PhD Graduates in Australia for the World of Work
The education, skills, and training an individual accumulates to enhance their professional value for future employment.
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Higher Education Financial Sources and Models: A Comparative Analysis in Selected EU Countries
The knowledge, skills, competencies and traits of individuals that facilitate the creation of personal, social and economic well-being.
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Cities Really Smart and Inclusive: Possibilities and Limits for Social Inclusion and Participation
Assets and potentialities of individuals to work, to build relationships, to promote creativity and innovation, and to transform relationships and contexts of life (social, economic, political, psychological and cultural).
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Resourced-Based View and Internationalisation of Social Enterprises: An Exploratory Study
It is mainly related with education, skills, tacit knowledge, which play an important role in instigating entrepreneurial activity, productivity, and the relative success of SE ventures.
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Porto University Academic Spinoffs, Critical Factors, and Entrepreneurial Insights
Refers to the economic value of a worker's experience and skills. Human capital includes assets like education, training, intelligence, skills, health, and other things employers value such as loyalty and punctuality. As such, it is an intangible asset or quality that isn't (and can't be) listed on a company's balance sheet. Human capital is perceived to increase productivity and thus profitability. The more investment a company makes in its employees, the chances of its productivity and success become higher.
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Analyzing the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Performance: Evidence From the Spanish Wine Sector
Human capital is a term used in the economic theory of growth to designate a factor of production dependent on the degree of training and productivity of the people involved in a productive process.
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Human Capital Development
It is referred to as the knowledge, skills, competencies, and attributes embodied in individuals that facilitate the creation of personal, social, and economic wellbeing.
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Talent Management and Sustained Competitive Advantage
The value accruing from the education, training, skills, experience, competencies, health, and positive attitudes of an organization’s employees.
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Intergenerational Differences and Education Needs: The Baby Boomers, X, and Y Generations
The knowledge, skills, competencies and other attributes embodied in individuals or groups of individuals acquired during their life and used to produce goods, services or ideas in market circumstances.
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The Importance of Leadership, Corporate Climate, Use of Resources, and Strategic Planning in Family Business
One of the most critical resources in a company; it is related to productivity, capacity, and workers experience.
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Expect the Unexpected: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Future of Airport Leaders and Managers
The personal attributes that contribute towards the organizational goals, strategies, and values. Includes knowledge, skills, attitudes as well as personality and education, among others.
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Growing Opportunities in Attracting Investments for the Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of the ATU Gagauzia (Republic of Moldova)
The skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country.
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Explicit and Tacit Knowledge: To Share or Not to Share
Human Capital is a combination of employee’s education, training, experience (Becker, 1964 AU30: The in-text citation "Becker, 1964" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. )
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Development of Competences Through the PBL and the Use of Technology
Knowledge that a person acquires throughout his life formally or informally to perform in diverse contexts through the contribution of a service or the contribution of ideas.
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Building a Diversified and Sustainable Economy in Kazakhstan: Towards the Green Economy Through a Triple Helix Approach
The stock of skills, attributes, and experiences gained by an individual viewed in terms of their value to an organization and/or country.
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The Importance of Investing in Early Childhood Development and the Role of Families
The skills and knowledge that individuals acquire through education and experience. It can be accumulated through investment in education.
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Leveraging Workforce Diversity through a Career Development Paradigm Shift
An economic concept emphasizing the abilities and skills of any individual, especially those acquired through investment in education and training, and that fundamentally enhance potential earning of income.
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Examining the Integration of Moroccan University Graduates Into the Professional World: A Critical Perspective
Human capital is all the accumulated knowledge, aptitudes, experiments, talents, and qualities of a single person, a group of people, an organization, or a group of bodies, and which determine in part their capacity to work or produce for themselves or for others
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Transforming and Facilitating Quality Education in Developing Knowledge Economy: The Indian Perspective
People who know how to learn and who continue learning by upgrading existing skills and acquiring new skills. There is a strong relationship between human capital and economic growth. Because people come with a diverse set of skills and knowledge, human capital can certainly help boost the economy. This relationship can be measured by how much investment goes into people’s education.
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Conceptualizing LEAD: Service Learning Leadership Experience for Student Success
assets of individuals that create economic value for the individuals, their employers, or their communities.
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Human Capital Development: An Investigation of Innovative Methods
Skills, knowledge, and experience of an individual or group and their value or cost to an organization.
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Chief Knowledge Officers
That in the minds of individuals: knowledge, competences, experience, know-how etc
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Neuroeconomic Perspectives for Economics
The aggregate of human Know-How on production, is operated by UNESCO as an index pf education.
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Technological Application to Managing a Municipal Urban Garden
The capacity of a person's knowledge, skills, and personality attributes to perform work in order to produce economic value.
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Talent Management: Retaining Distinctive Human Capital Sustainably
The construct is related to employees as individuals carry a set of skills, knowledge, attitude, competencies, and experience, which is regarded as capability, talent.
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Youth Employment
An individual’s skill set that consists of intellectual and crafting abilities creating economic value added.
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Talent Management for Academic Institutions During the Post-Pandemic Paradigm
When the recruited employees are equipped with adequate trainings, enhanced with practical knowledge, and perform any task with highest level of efficiency then the employees are the human capital of that organization. This can be taken account for the broader picture of any country or society as well. If the citizen of any country is skilled and efficient, it will be considered as the human capital for that country too.
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Human Capital Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
A set of knowledge, skills, abilities, or capabilities and experience possessed by an individual or a group of people, considered in relation to the value to the organization or a country.
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Youth Employment
An individual’s skill set that consists of intellectual and crafting abilities creating economic value added.
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Innovation in Extremadura: Opportunity for Companies or Obstacle for their Development?
Covers all intangible elements associated with company personnel, such as their skills, motivation, experience, commitment, etc.
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Human Capital and Workforce Resilience: Strategies and Challenges in Maritime Supply Chain Management
The collective skills, knowledge, and dispositions that enhance an individual's or organization's capacity to generate economic value. In the maritime industry, it specifically refers to the competencies and expertise that individuals bring to maritime operations, contributing significantly to efficiency, safety, and innovation.
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Writing: The Neglected “R” in the Workplace
The collective value of an organization’s competencies, knowledge, and skills. Unlike structural capital (e.g., a building), human capital is not reflected in financial statements, but it is extremely valuable to an organization in that it is a renewable source of creativity and innovation.
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Standards for Skill Training and Development
The term ‘human capital’ has two different levels, personal and systemic. At the individual level, OECD (2001 AU30: The in-text citation "OECD (2001" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ) defined it as “the knowledge, skills, competencies, and attributes embodied in individuals that facilitate the creation of personal, social, and economic well-being.” Therefore, personal human capital refers specifically to individual possession of human capital and the development of ‘whole individuals’. At the systemic level, ‘human capital’ is the collection of the skills and knowledge (and attitudes) of all workers in an organization or all the people of a nation.The latter sense has increasingly been seen as an engine of national economic and social growth and development
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Organizational Culture: A Key Element for the Development of Mexican Micro and Small Tourist Companies
Term used in different economic theories which refers to the people the constitute a company, but not just by number, but in their professional training, academic degrees, and quality, including their productivity level, involved personnel in the production process of the company. These personnel generate value to the company.
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A New Framework for Preparing Indonesian Graduates for Employability: A Capitals-Based Approach
The knowledge and skills graduates acquire through formal education and training as the foundation for their labour market outcomes.
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The Economics of Unemployment
Human capital is an intangible asset or quality not listed on a company's balance sheet.
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Towards a Framework for Lifelong E-Learning and Employability
The ability to generate any kind of work with an economic value, and by using knowledge, psychosocial traits and social skills. It can be developed via education, and work and life experiences.
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Current Trends in Human Capital Formation
The collective knowledge that is embedded in the personnel, organisational routines, and network relationships of an organisation.
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Reshaping Education for the New Labour Market in Sub-Saharan African Countries
The inherent personal attributes, expertise, skills expressed in the capability to perform a task in order to produce economic value.
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The Contribution of Part-Time Work Experience to Pre-Service Teachers' Development of Graduate Employability
A component of employability and is comprised of various variables such as age and education, work experience and training, job performance, organization tenure, emotional intelligence, cognitive ability, and knowledge, skills, attitudes, and others.
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Analysis of the Labor Market in Germany and Türkiye: Investing in Human Capital for the Digital Age
Human capital refers to the economic worth of a worker's attributes and skills, encompassing elements such as education, training, intelligence, health, and other qualities valued by employers, such as loyalty and punctuality. It represents an intangible asset or quality that contributes to an individual's productivity and is not explicitly recorded on a company's balance sheet.
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HR Portals as Tools for Relational Resources Management
There are four individual factors which, combined, define human capital: the genetic inheritance, the education, the experience, and attitudes about life and business.
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Regional Competitiveness: Theoretical and Empirical Aspects
Refers to the abilities, skills, and knowledge available to the total population, which are accumulated through formal education, experience in the labor market, additional education and the like.
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Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship for Value-Based Cultures, Economies, and Societies: Increasing Performance Through Intellectual Capital in Challenging Times
Is regarded as a multilevel and multidimensional concept, tackling people’s specific characteristics and intellectual qualities that are able to empower organizations prevail in challenging times, aiding entities to react to different market challenges and changes, adapt to all forms of environment and strive to successfully meet consumers’ expectations and needs.
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Structure of LEAD in the Secondary Panel: Applying a Compensatory School's Student Success Solutions
The collective power of a body of like-minded professionals purposefully used to increase the impact of an initiative in one setting or location.
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Human Capital Development in Youth Inspires Us With a Valuable Lesson: Self-Care and Wellbeing
The economic value of humans that is accounted for skills, knowledge, and attributes humans possess.
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Black African Entrepreneurship in the UK
Refers to the capabilities associated with secondary and post-secondary education, learning experience and labor market experience of a group.
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Modern Talent Management: Theoretical Framework
Human capital is a combination of the experience, attitude, capability, and competence of the people of an organization in navigating the portfolio with technology, intelligence, innovation, and future orientation to build brand value.
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Student Insights on Fostering Sustainable Careers in China: Implications for Universities and Employers
The stocks of knowledge, skills and other personal features which could help an individual to be productive.
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Understanding Human Resources Needs in Tourism: A Competittive Advantage
The investment in Human Resources in order to increase their efficiency: an investment for future use. Human capital refers to knowledge, education, work competence, and psychometric evaluations.
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Effective Integration of Technology and Human Capital Development in Healthcare
Defines human resources in terms of assets which includes knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals.
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Strategic Human Resource Management in the 21st-Century Organizational Landscape: Human and Intellectual Capital as Drivers for Performance Management
Is regarded as a multifaceted and multifactorial concept, possessing heterogeneous traits, which addresses a complex set of theoretical knowledge belonging to individuals, as well as a general and specialized set of skills capable to aid employees at their places of work, thus enabling the process of creating goods and services for our society during the production activities.
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Talent Management as a Part of Sustainable Human Resources Management
A certain state of competence, knowledge, creativity, social and personality characteristics that are embedded in the ability to work to produce economic value; it is an economic view of people, employees of the company.
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Intellectual Capital Measurement
Employee’s collective knowledge, competencies, abilities and the power of brain.
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The Promise, Pitfalls, and Context of Restorative Justice: Through a Lens of Communication Disorders
An approach to the world that places human value in their productive capabilities relative to economic markets, often to the exclusion of imagination, creativity and community.
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The Role of Emotional Capital in Organisational KM
In broad terms, the people-based resources of an organisation. Most KM writers emphasise the intellectual capital dimension of human capital.
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Professional Learning and Change Through Social Networks and Social Capital
The knowledge, skills, and resources held by an individual and acquired through their own education and experiences.
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Intellectual Capital: A New Process of Sustainable Value Creation for the Corporation
An organization's human capital is made up of competencies, knowledge, capacities, talents, and know-how as well as attitudes, ducts, motivation, performance, and ethics of the individuals as well as intellectual agility, dexterity, and experiences of employees and directors.
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ICTs and Family Physicians Human Capital Upgrading: Delightful Chimera or Harsh Reality?
Refers to the stock of skills and knowledge embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce economic value.
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Foreign Direct Investment: Advanced Issues and Approaches
The collective skills, knowledge, or other intangible assets of individuals that can be used to create the economic value for the individuals, their employers, or their community.
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Flexible Educational Program for Managerial Engineering Personnel in Innovation
The totality of knowledge and skills used to meet the diverse needs of a person, company, and society as a whole.
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Corporate Entrepreneurship as a Tool for Organizational Improvement: The Case of Auto Parts Sector in Colombia
A productive resource that brings together the training, abilities, and skills of individuals who take part in production processes and that are related to work productivity. It depends on factors such as education and experience.
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Social Entrepreneurship and Income Distribution
A productive resource which brings together the training, abilities and skills of individuals who take part in production processes and which are related to work productivity. It depends on factors such as education and experience.
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