The symmetrical network theory for the immune system is a tractable first approximation. The principle lymphocytes fall into just two specificity classes. The first class is the antigen-binding set, denoted T+ and B+ for T cells and B cells respectively. The second set is minus or anti-idiotypic set, T- and B-. There are three types of interaction between the plus and minus sets as follows: stimulation, inhibition, and killing. Stimulation can occur when two lymphocytes encounter each other. The receptors of one lymphocyte (‘+’) can cross-link the receptors of a second lymphocyte (‘-’), the converse is also true. So stimulation is assumed to be symmetrical in both directions between the two sets. Specific T cells factors could inhibit receptors. Finally, antibody molecules are assumed to be killed in a symmetrical fashion. According to the interaction among B cells and T cells, we can receive a set of four stable steady states for the system of T+, B+, T- and B- cells. The steady states are the initial state, the suppressed or unresponsive state, the immune state and the anti-immune state.
Published in Chapter:
Immune Based Bio-Network Architecture and its Simulation Platform for Future Internet
Yong-Sheng Ding (Ministry of Education, China), Xiang-Feng Zhang (Ministry of Education, China & Shanghai Dianji University, China), and Li-Hong Ren (Ministry of Education, China)
Copyright: © 2009
|Pages: 15
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-310-4.ch010
Abstract
Future Internet should be capable of extensibility, survivability, mobility, and adaptability to the changes of different users and network environments, so it is necessary to optimize the current Internet architecture and its applications. Inspired by the resemble features between the immune systems and future Internet, the authors introduce some key principles and mechanisms of the immune systems to design a bio-network architecture to address the challenges of future Internet. In the bio-network architecture, network resources are represented by various bioentities, while complex services and application can be emerged from the interactions among bio-entities. Also, they develop a bio-network simulation platform which has the capability of service emergence, evolution, and so forth. The simulation platform can be used to simulate some complex services and applications for Internet or distributed network. The simulators with different functions can be embedded in the simulation platform. As a demonstration, this chapter provides two immune network computation models to generate the emergent services through computer simulation experiments on the platform. The experimental results show that the bio-entities on the platform provide quickly services to the users’ requests with short response time. The interactions among bio-entities maintain the load balance of the bio-network and make the resources be utilized reasonably. With the advantages of adaptability, extensibility, and survivability, the bio-network architecture provides a novel way to design new intelligent Internet information services and applications.