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What is Metadata

Handbook of Research on Virtual Workplaces and the New Nature of Business Practices
This is data or information about data. This could be who wrote something, the date it was published, where, and so forth (Wikipedia, 2007e AU19: The in-text citation "Wikipedia, 2007e" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Published in Chapter:
Knowledge Transfer and Marketing in Second Life
Peter Rive (Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-893-2.ch030
Abstract
This chapter considers the virtual world Second Life as a workplace. It argues that despite its apparent novelty, Second Life is descended from a 2000-year-old tradition of immersive art that informs its popular attraction and its two big business drivers, knowledge management and marketing. To illustrate this, I describe a project by the international advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi, which shows how knowledge management and marketing can come together in a virtual workplace. The chapter further contends that it is insufficient to simply attain virtual presence in order to achieve knowledge management goals. Instead, intellectual property rights and their management must also be addressed. Because avatars in Second Life own the items they create and can explicitly set permission rights, Second Life users can share virtual goods and knowledge easily, and in the tradition of hacker culture and open source coding. Despite general opposition to Digital Rights Management from some in the open source community, I argue that it is necessary to ensure that the metadata, such as the original creator information, is protected to encourage the sharing and transfer of knowledge in a virtual workplace. The creator of Second Life, Linden Lab, opened up the source code of the client software, thus allowing organizations to further benefit from this virtual workplace.
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Quality Learning Objective in Instructional Design
Coded information about a learning object that aims to describe and manage them in the learning object repository.
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Standardization in Learning Technology
Structured, encoded data that describe characteristics of an object.
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Educational Technology Standards in Focus
This is background data that is used to assist in the reuse, the classification, and the recording of the intellectual property details of learning material. Learning object metadata can be encoded in either XML or RDF formats.
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Transforming RDM Conversations Into Collaborations: From Projects to Programs to Policy
Metadata is structured, descriptive information about analog and digital objects.
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Myths and Challenges of Building an Effective Digital Library in Developing Nations: An African Perspective
Data that serves to provide context or additional information about other data. For example, information about the title, subject, author, typeface, enhancements, and size of the data file of a document constitute metadata about that document. It may also describe the conditions under which the data stored in a database was acquired, its accuracy, date, time, method of compilation and processing, etc.
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Ontology-Based Multimodal Language Learning
Data that describes other data; can be used by data users, managers, software agents and other entities to provide various services including data management, browsing, searching, restructuring, analysis, distribution, aggregation, and adaptation.
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A Common Sense Approach to Interoperability
The information in a HTML or XML document held inside a tag, for example Kate
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A Personalized Approach for Web Service Discovery in Distributed Environments
A set of data that describes and gives information about other data.
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Information-Centric Networking
A set of data (information) used for describing the actual user data.
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OWL: Web Ontology Language
Data that describe other data. Generally, a set of metadata describes a single set of data, called a resource.
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Ontologies for Education and Learning Design
Information about data, which can be used to comprehend, use, and manage data.
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Governance and the Open Source Repository
Metadata is information that describes the characteristics of an asset. This information may be in the form of structured metadata like title, description, and author; or unstructured metadata like implementation instructions or test cases.
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Organizational Data Warehousing
Data about data. Metadada includes the attributes of and information about each piece of data that will be contained in the data warehouse.
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Knowledge Transfer in G2G Endeavors
Structured, encoded data that describe characteristics of information-bearing entities to aid in the identification, discovery, assessment, and management of the described entities.
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A Comparative Analysis of 2D Computer-Aided Estimating (CAE) and BIM Estimating Procedures
Metadata provides information about, or documentation of, other data managed within BIM application or environment. It commonly defines structures or schemas for graphic and non graphic attributes of BIMs.
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Access and Control; Digital Libraries; Information Ethics; Privacy; Security
Information about data or a data source. It is associated with objects or systems for the purposes of description, administration, legal requirements, technical functionality, usage, and preservation. Metadata terms include elements, element refinements, encoding schemes, and vocabulary terms.
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Exploiting Captions for Multimedia Data Mining
Information describing another data object such as its size, format, or description.
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Sharable Learning Objects
Part of the content aggregation model in SCORM. It is used to tag leaning object content for ease of retrieval and maximum reuse. Learning object metadata can include different types of information that are objective and subjective. Objective data are factual data including title, author, version, costs, technical requirements, and date created. Subjective data are determined by individuals who create the objects, and include such things as educational intent, competencies, learning styles, and user opinions.
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Google Trends Metadata as a Revenue Indicator for Digital Marketing Activities in Spanish Businesses
A set of data that describes and gives information about other data, by helping to organize, find, and understand such data.
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Getting It Right: Matching Resources to Technologies That Match the Individual Student's Needs and Preferences
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A Bibliometrics and Text Analytics Review of Games and Gamification in Education
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Critical Success Factors in the Development of Folksonomy-Based Knowledge Management Tools
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Use of ICT and Digital Technology to Conserve India's Cultural Heritage: Possibilities of Implementation With Reference to Agra Fort
Metadata is data about data and it describes how and when and by whom a particular set of data was collected, and how the data is formatted. Metadata is represented as information about information to indicate the properties of a specific item and is an essential component of any information system. It enables context to data content and to understand the relation between the object through ontology. Once the heritage items are identified the quality and the quantity of collected data and metadata are to be evaluated.Metadata is very important for discovering and searching a particular item.
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BioSimGrid Biomolecular Simulation Database
‘A set of data that describes and gives information about other data’ (Oxford English Dictionary). In the context of a database of trajectories, this may provide the name of the trajectory, the molecules included in the simulation system, related scientific publications, and the provenance (ontogeny) of the trajectory. For the last item, it may include the original molecular dynamics parameters with which the trajectory was generated.
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A Critical Analysis on Obtaining and Using Data and Information for Pandemic Management
It is data about data. For example, a data that provides explicit information about other data under consideration.
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Use of Big Data in Aviation: New Opportunities, Use Cases, and Solutions
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Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy through Big Data
Structured data that describes resources. This data explains, locates or makes it easy to recover, use and manage the described resources.
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GIS Grids and the Business Use of GIS Data
Metadata are data about data. An item of metadata may describe an individual datum, or content item, or a collection of data including multiple content items
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Applying Learning Object Libraries in K-12 Settings
Metadata is essentially data that describes data. In a learning object library, a database of metadata is used to “tag” each learning object for subsequent retrieval.
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Indigenous Research and Data Management in Electronic Archives: A Framework for African Indigenous Communities
Data that provides information about other data. Metadata can include information about the context, structure, format, and content of digital data and is used to help organise and manage digital collections. In Indigenous data management, metadata can include information about data's cultural and historical significance and ownership and access.
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From Knowledge to Personal Knowledge Management
Metadata are data about data. A simple example is the label on a box, which tells “about” the content. Metadata used to belong just to the cultural domain of librarians but, since the Web, search engines and the “open knowledge” movement, it has become a concept much more widely known. Metadata are vital to retrieve data from repositories, namely the Web and are necessary to associate meaning (i.e., knowledge) to information. There are, unfortunately, many standards pretending to regulate metadata creation for digital content. One of a few to have some status is IEEE LOM (learning object metadata) (http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/).
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Semantic Transformation and Use of Cultural Data: Record Once and Publish Many
Data about data, in practice the set of properties characterizing data in a given domain.
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SHARE: A European Healthgrid Roadmap
May be regarded as a subset of data, and are data about data. Metadata summarise data content, context, structure, inter-relationships, and provenance (information on history and origins). They add relevance and purpose to data, and enable the identification of similar data in different data collections.
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Management and Use of Metadata as a Legal Information Retrieval Tool: Nigerian Legal Practices
Metadata can be described as the “information we create, store, and share to describe things, allows us to interact with these things to obtain the knowledge we need” ( Riley, 2017 , p. 1).
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Achieving Efficient Purging in Transparent per-file Secure Wiping Extensions
The data structure that defines the specification of a filesystem.
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Task-Oriented Information Organization and Retrieval in Online Learning
Structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use or manage an information resource (Hodge, 2001). An example of metadata is a library catalog record of an item, which usually includes descriptive information (e.g., title, author, publication information), subject information (e.g., subject headings, index terms), administrative information (e.g., location).
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Structuring Personalized Faculty Development Programming With Autonomy-Support and Microcredentials
Information that can be included on digital badges, in this case, such as outcomes achieved, professional and instructional development information, and Bloom’s taxonomy.
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Accessing Grid Metadata through a Web Interface
(meta data, or sometimes meta-information) is “data about data”, of any sort in any media. An item of metadata may describe an individual datum, or content item, or a collection of data including multiple content items. The word meta comes from the Greek, where it means ‘after’ or ‘beyond’. In epistemology, the word means “about (its own category)”; thus metadata is “data about the data”. Metadata is used to facilitate the understanding, characteristics, and management usage of data. The metadata required for effective data management varies with the type of data and context of use. In a library, where the data is the content of the titles stocked, metadata about a title would typically include a description of the content, the author, the publication date and the physical location.
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Standards in Asynchronous E-Learning Systems
In the e-learning context, the set of data describing a resource.
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Data Warehousing for Decision Support
Metadata are data about data. They include the attributes of and information about each piece of data that will be contained in the data warehouse.
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Blockchain and the Research Libraries: Expanding Interlibrary Loan and Protecting Privacy
A format that provides data regarding data, such as a bibliographic record that includes data about the author, title, date, information about the work, etc.
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Context-Aware Capture and Sharing of Mobile Videos
Metadata is the value-added information of data, for example, describing a content of picture, video, or document.
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Learning Object Based Instruction
The standardized information that is used to describe learning objects. Typically metadata comes in the form of completed form fields that describe the formative characteristics of a learning object.
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Opportunities for Adopting Open Research Data in Learning Analytics
Structured data that provides basic description of other data.
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Politically Oriented Database Applications
Data about data, containing semantic information describing its source, structure and interpretation.
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A Web Metadata Based-Model for Information Quality Prediction
is data about data, and Web metadata “is machine-understandable description of things on (and about) the Web”18.
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Digital Libraries
Metadata is often defined as data about data. More specifically, it is information that refers to other digital objects. Metadata often consists of descriptive information (such as a title), administrative information (such as a description of the rights required to view the object), and structural information (such as the organization of page images within a larger book). Metadata can be derived from the object itself in order to used as a surrogate for searching and other services, but is more often information that is not contained in the object itself.
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Design and Implementation of a Mobile and Portable Lifelog Media System
Data about data, used to facilitate the understanding, use, and management of data.
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Application of AI in Academic Library Services: Prospects and Implications for Quality Service Delivery
Metadata is information that describes data, providing additional context and meaning to help users understand and manage the data.
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Statistical Dissemination Systems and the Web
According to the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard, it is defined as data that define and describe other data and processes.
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The Potential of IMS Learning Design in E-Learning
Data that is used to describe another set of data in a collection to facilitate cataloguing, search, and discovery of the data in that collection. For example, metadata can be used to describe the books in a library or the learning objects in a repository.
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Science of the Archives: Visual Learning about Plants
The information about an item in a database, such as the information from a herbarium sheet label.
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Managing Converging Content in Organizations
Data describing the content from the viewpoint of humans or computers. Metadata may describe the domain in which content is used, as well as collections, classes, units or processable portions of the content and content instances. Metadata enables content search, classification, and processing. Whereas humans may use and interpret metadata about documents, the metadata about the small units of content is primarily meant for computerized manipulation of content.
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Industrial Informatics: Assertion of Knowledge from Raw Industrial Data
Metadata is the additional data attached with the given data, to make it self-explanatory and meaningful. Basically, meta-data helps in identifying the meanings of data so that machines can operate on this data to deduce its meanings.
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Human Digital Transformation Readiness: Integrate Data Into the Mindset and Decision-Making Processes
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The Semantic Web
Data about data on the Web, including, but not limited to, authorship, classification, endorsement, policy, distribution terms, IPR, etc. Some metadata, such as file dates and sizes, can easily be seen by users; other metadata can be hidden or embedded and unavailable to users who are not technically adept. Metadata is generally not reproduced in full form when a document is printed.
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Music Management in the Digital Age
Data providing information about one or more aspects of the data.
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Enhancing the Efficiency of ICT by Spatial Data Interoperability
Metadata is structured information that describes and allows us to find, manage, control and understand other information.
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The Needle in the Haystack: How Information Overload Is Impacting Society and Our Search for Truth
Attributes that make different pieces of data identifiable and can be used to organize the data.
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A European Evaluation of the Promises of LOs
Data used to describe a learning object in ways that a computer or computer system can read and work with.
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Design and Development of a Taxonomy Generator: A Case Example for Greenstone
A set of attributes that describes the content, quality, condition, and other characteristics of a resource.
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Smart MM: Smart Movie Management System
It is a data that describes other data.
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Research Information Management Systems: A Comparative Study
A set of data that describes and gives information about other data.
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Open Data Policy and Practice
A file that explains the format, structure, and coding of raw data. It is a codebook for understanding the data.
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Metadata and Metaphors in Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries
Manually or automatically created document representations and surrogates which are used for knowledge organization and representations in digital libraries and other information retrieval applications.
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Digital Humanities Strategy
A form of data that provides information about data, such as a keyword associated with a text.
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From Digital Archives to Virtual Exhibitions
Metadata is data about data, or information about information. Metadata are documentation about documents and objects; they describe resources, indicate where they are located, and outline what is required in order to use them successfully. Metadata are data associated with objects which relieves their potential users of having to have full advanced knowledge of their existence or characteristics. Metadata are data that describe attributes of a resource, characterize its relationships, support its discovery and effective use, and exists in an electronic environment.
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Learning Object Evaluation
Coded information about a learning object that aims to describe and manage them in the learning object repository.
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Strategic Planning Needs the Right Information
Data that describes the information element, e.g., to note any assumptions made and to put a value on the degree of estimation.
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Integrating Digital Photography into Adult Education
Information that characterizes other information, such as when a document or image was created, who created it and other information unique to the creation and existence of that data set; metadata in computer data is often embedded “behind” the original data and can be retrieved when needed.
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Supporting Decision Making in Using Design Languages for Learning Designs and Learning Objects
Information that “labels” learning objects in order to enable an efficient search for them in databases.
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Theory and Management of Data Semantics
Data that is used to describe some other resource, including other data. No data is always metadata, but all data may be used as metadata under particular circumstances or context.
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E-Commerce and the Web of Data
Metadata is data about data, structured data about a resource that represents a tangible or non-tangible thing. A thing is anything that one wants to describe: it can be a real object such a book or a conceptual entity such as a service.
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Guidelines for Developing Digital Cultural Collections
Metadata are data about data, that is, where that data are located and what they is used for. A good analogy is that of a library catalogue card which contains data about the nature and location of a book.
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A Data Mining Algorithm for Accessing Research Literature in Electronic Databases: Boolean Operators
Metadata are records that explain other material, giving a systematic guide that aids in classifying and identifying the characteristics of the material it represents.
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Co-ordination and Specialisation of Semantics in a B2B Relation
Definitions and attributes of information elements, such as concepts and properties of concepts.
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Social Networks Applied to E-Gov: An Architecture for Semantic Services
Characterization/description or information about data. It is commonly used to describe, manage, and localize some data in a data store.
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Asset Mapping in Academic Libraries: Collaborating Across University and Library Departments
Data created and maintained to describe and give information about other data. AU32: Reference appears to be out of alphabetical order. Please check
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Digital Libraries Overview and Globalization
The structured data that describes the characteristics of a resource. It is data about data; a library catalog in digitized format.
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New Roles of Digital Libraries
Metadata is structured or descriptive information about a document. Metadata can be created by the document creator or by a cataloger.
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Data Management in Internet of Things
It is the method of representing data by categorizing data based on location, type and time at which data is sensed. It is data of data.
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Advanced Techniques for Object-Based Image Retrieval
A data format that may contain numerous information, including information obtained indirectly from the image, as well as information related to the actual description of the image content. At the highest level, images are often accompanied and associated by metadata.
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Classification of Traffic Events Notified in Social Networks' Texts
The data that contains some other data or labels it, to describe its content, such as coordinates or URL information.
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Integrating Heterogeneous Data for Big Data Analysis
Data that are used to describe other data. For example, FirstName is metadata that describes a given set of data, the first names of individuals, within a Person table.
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Towards Disambiguating Social Tagging Systems
Data that describes other data. The term may refer to detailed compilations such as data dictionaries and repositories that provide a substantial amount of information about each data element. It may also refer to any descriptive item about data, such as a title field in a media file, a field of key words in a written article or the content in a meta tag in an HTML page
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Ontology and Multimedia
They are “data about other data;” they are data segments that describe structural, behavioural, or functional aspects of other data segments. Multimedia are a representation of the administrative, descriptive, preservation, usage, and technical characteristics associated with multimedia objects; they can be extracted manually or automatically from multimedia documents.
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RSS in Virtual Organizations
Metadata can be broadly defined as “data about data”. It is descriptive information about a given set of data, specifying such things as the data’s format, meaning and identifiers.
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Institutional Repository
Means data about data, a library catalog is metadata because it describes publications.
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Monitoring the Learning Process through the use of Mobile Devices
A common way to define this concept is “data about data”. In our system, metadata are data about the configuration of several modules. For example, by using metadata we define the value of parameters to send alerts, how many times a child must fail in order for an alert to be sent.
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Verification and Validation of Medical Cyber-Physical Systems
Term used to provide data about others data, whose purpose is to facilitate the understanding of the data themselves.
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Core Topics in Digital Library Education
A set of information about a digital object, serving needs such as content description and administration.
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Moving beyond the Basics: The Evolution of Web 2.0 Tools from Preview to Participate
Data that is used to produce information that could be accessed, analyzed, and disseminated by software agents ( Morris, 2011 ).
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Sharing Corpus Resources in Language Learning
In corpus linguistics, the information about a corpus and about the constituent texts is known as metadata. Metadata will typically include information about when and by whom a corpus was created, the sampling strategy which was applied to compile the corpus, and information about the texts in the corpus, such as title, author and date of publication. Metadata may be in separate documentation files, or may be inserted in the corpus text files in the form of headers.
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Evaluating Large-Scale European LO Production, Distribution, and Use
Data used to describe a learning object in ways that a computer or computer system can read and work with.
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ECHO: A Layered Model for the Design of a Context-Aware Learning Experience
Data assigned for the description of information and knowledge. Social-semantic software uses several types of metadata such as: tags, labels, folders and tags.
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