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What is Open Source

Handbook of Research on Learning Design and Learning Objects: Issues, Applications, and Technologies
This normally refers to any program whose source code is made freely available for use or modification by others. This software is commonly developed and maintained by communities of coders.
Published in Chapter:
Using IMS Learning Design in Educational Situations
Paul Hazlewood (Liverpool Hope University, UK), Amanda Oddie (Liverpool Hope University, UK), and Mark Barrett-Baxendale (Liverpool Hope University, UK)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-861-1.ch013
Abstract
IMS Learning Design (IMS LD) is a specification for describing a range of pedagogic approaches. It allows the linking of pedagogical structure, content, and services, whilst keeping the three separate, thus providing the potential for reuse as well as forming the basis for interoperability between learning activities and services. As such, this specification promises unprecedented opportunities to build effective tutor support and presence into e-learning systems. The tools that implement the specification have primarily been used for research purposes and have not been targeted at teaching practitioners or learners working in teaching and learning situations. There is a perception amongst practitioners and tool developers that the specification and tools are too technical or difficult for practitioner use. This chapter examines practitioner use of current tools for creating IMS LD and the use of IMS LD units of learning (UoLs) with learners through projects being undertaken at Liverpool Hope University (LHU). It presents some of the experiences and findings gained from these projects. The chapter also examines current technologies and tools for creating and running IMS LD UoLs, and finally discusses the potential and future for IMS LD.
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Optimizing Hearing Aid Utilisation using Telemedicine Tools
A product/process development practice where intellectual property is shared with others to speed its development under an arrangement where enhancements are available to the originator.
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Individual E-Portfolios: Can a Classic Tool for Teachers and Students be Merged with Web 2.0 Tools for Reflective Learning?
It usually refers to software that is released with source code under a license that ensures that derivative works will also be available as source code, protects certain rights of the original authors, and prohibits restrictions on how the software can be used or who can use it
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Representing Culture via Agile Collaboration
A movement to allow access to the source code of computer applications to facilitate the enrichment of software by encouraging collaboration.
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Collaborative Development Environments
This concept describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product’s sources and allow for the concurrent use of different agendas and approaches to production. Some consider it a philosophy, and others as a pragmatic methodology. Open source has come to represent much more than software whose source code may be freely modified and redistributed with few restrictions imposed by the terms of its distribution license. Information, documentation, and other “sources” generally related to innovation and knowledge building and sharing processes, tend to fall under the open source umbrella.
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Brazil 4D: An Experience of Interactive Content Production for Free-to-Air Digital Television
In Open source, the authors make the source code available to others who would like to view, copy, alter, share or learn from the code. LibreOffice and the GNU Image Manipulation Program are examples of open source software.
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Information Technology and Fair Use
Coding that is freely available to the public, usually applied to software development
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Self-Directed Learning with Web-Based Resources
Open source software is software that is developed, shared and distributed freely without any restriction to the general public for use. The source code must be made available in the distribution to allow developers to modify or improve the application and the changes shared.
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Wikipedia: Educational and Learning Laboratory
Distribution of free software that provides the source code. This can be edited and distributed beyond the restrictions of copyright.
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The Road of Computer Code Featuring the Political Economy of Copyleft and Legal Analysis of the General Public License
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Blockchain Introduced
The original source code has been made publicly available for anyone to modify the code and develop the core product.
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First of All, Understand Data Analytics Context and Changes
A designation for a computer program in which underlying source code is freely available for redistribution and modification.
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The Open Source Community Choice: Automate or Die!
The open source model is a decentralized software-development model that encourages open collaboration and imposes the use of an open source license for the source code. Open source licenses must guarantee that the source code, blueprint or design can be used, modified and/or shared under defined terms and conditions. Open source is sometimes considered as a more industry-oriented rephrasing of the free software model. The free software foundation created in 1985 considers the freedom as the cornerstone of the model. The open source initiative officially announced in 1998 puts the efficiency as the key point of the collaborative model.
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E-Learning at Politecnico di Torino: Moving to a Sustainable Large-Scale Multi-Channel System of Services
Program in which the source code is available free of charge to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design.
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Open Source Software and the Digital Divide
A philosophy and a methodology associated with free and collaborative, creation, modification and use of software applications and operating systems.
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Rapid Insertion of Leading Edge Industrial Strength Software into University Classrooms
Refers to software that has Open Source Initiative (OSI) (2006) licenses. Examples of open source software are Linux, Apache, Eclipse, Derby, and so forth. Also included is open standard compliant software that is provided free to universities for classroom use. An example is IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA).
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RFID Technologies and Applications
Principle to promote open access to the design for goods, products, and resources. The term is most commonly applied to the source code of software that is made available to the general public with either relaxed or nonexistent intellectual property restrictions (Wikipedia, 2007).
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Access and Control; Digital Libraries; Information Ethics; Privacy; Security
Source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design free of charge.
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Using OpenStreetMap as a Source of Religious Mapping Data in an OER Human Geography Textbook
A philosophy of producing data, software, or other creative works that emphasizes the sharing of these products.
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The System for Population Kinetics: Open Source Software for Population Analysis
With reference to software development, the open source development model implies that the source code of a specific software application must be available to users and developers.
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Understanding Data Analytics Is Good but Knowing How to Use It Is Better!
A designation for a computer program in which underlying source code is freely available for redistribution and modification.
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Collaborative Development within Open Source Communities
Describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product’s sources and allow for the concurrent use of different agendas and approaches in production. Some consider it as a philosophy, and others consider it as a pragmatic methodology. Open source has come to represent much more than software whose source code may be freely modified and redistributed with few restrictions imposed by the terms of its distribution license. Information, documentation, and other “sources” generally related to innovation and knowledge build and share processes, tend to fall under the open source umbrella.
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Harnessing Blockchain and Decentralized Finance in the Post-COVID-19 European Union: The Case of the Circular Economy
Software for which the source code is free and available and can be overtly redistributed and modified.
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Overview of Machine Learning Approaches for Wireless Communication
The software that is shared freely with all users from source code to used methods.
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Implementing E-Learning in University 2.0: Are Universities Ready for the Digital Age?
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Key Concepts and Definitions of Open Source Communities
A term that is in practice very similar to free software, but that intends to focus on the superior quality of the software and the effective and efficient processes that lead to its creation.
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Open Source Software Use in Local Governments
Source code of computer programs that can be reviewed openly by those skilled in the language in which the computer program is written.
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Analysis of Real Estate Prices Using Geospatial Data: Models and Tools
The term refers to being freely accessible by public in order to modify and share. It provides transparency, flexibility and cost efficiency. Open source licensing benefits innovation through collaboration.
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Towards Open-Source Virtual Worlds in Interdisciplinary Studies
Computer software, typically developed in a public, collaborative manner, with its source code made available to study, change and distribute to anyone and for any purpose.
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Open Source
A philosophy and a methodology associated with free and collaborative, creation, modification and use of software applications and operating systems.
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Comparison of Case Studies in Managing E-Learning Programs
Open source describes practices when people can read, modify, and redistribute the source code for a piece of software.
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High Performance IT as Strategic Partner for HR Management
Generally speaking, any program made available in such a way that it can be used or altered by all users or by other software developers. Open-source software is typically developed through a publicly cooperative effort and is freely available.
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The Prospects for Teaching in Virtual Worlds
An IT term to indicate computer software whose authors (more precisely the rights holders) allow, even encourage its free sharing, studying and modifying by other independent programmers.
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The Importance of Implementing Big Data Analytics Concepts in Companies
Software is open code software that refers to software whose source code is available under an “open source” license to all users who may change, modify, and improve its content. This means that with “open source” programs come entire source code written in some programming language, so the program itself can be modified. This is not the case with paid software.
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IT Continuity in the Face of Mishaps
The actual coding statements in a program are made publically available, without charge; responsible programmers are free to suggest, or in some cases, modify or add to the program.
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Use of Online Technologies, Open Hardware, and Open-Software for Advanced Architecture Design
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Using Digital Resources to Support STEM Education
Refers to digital and print resources available to the public. Information is the property of the original author or developer and cannot be sold for profit but is used for knowledge sharing and distributed learning.
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Computer Mediated Collaboration
A free software system that uses distributed peer review and transparency of process, supported by The Open Source Initiative (OSI), a non-profit corporation formed by users to share, support, advocate and disseminate Open Source software for applications.
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Digital Tools Aimed to Represent Urban Survey
The term indicates software that is not protected by copyright, the source code of which (this being the part of the software that computer programmers can manipulate to alter the operation of a program or an app) is issued with a licence which makes it open to alteration or improvement by users.
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Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy through Big Data
A movement in the software industry that makes programs available along with the source code used to create them so that others can inspect and modify how programs work. Changes to source code are shared with the community at large.
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Emerging Business Intelligence Technologies for SMEs
Open source does not just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: 1) Free Redistribution; 2) Source Code; 3) Derived Works; 4) Integrity of The Author's Source Code; 5) No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups; 6) No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor; 7) Distribution of License; 8) License Must Not Be Specific to a Product; 9) License Must Not Restrict Other Software; 10) License Must Be Technology-Neutral. For the complete definition, see http://opensource.org/docs/osd .
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An Overview of Crowdsourcing
The act of developing software for free usage and distributions. It is not only for free usage, but also, for free modifications.
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A Common Sense Approach to Interoperability
refers to programs written and maintained by a user community who also contribute ideas on the future direction of the product
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Moodling Professional Development Training that Worked
Users of open source software receive the source code and are allowed to alter and redistributed the software ( EduTools, 2007 ).
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Computer Mediated Collaboration
A free software system that uses distributed peer review and transparency of process, supported by The Open Source Initiative (OSI), a non-profit corporation formed by users to share, support, advocate and disseminate Open Source software for applications.
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Copyright with an International Perspective for Academics
Technically “open source” refers to making the programming instructions used to write computer software available for scrutiny and reuse by others. In practice, it also describes a political movement that is concerned with how software and computer technology is owned and controlled. Open source software is commonly either in the public domain or copyright and licensed by the owner in ways that enforce free access to the source of the original and all derived works.
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Linking Individual Learning Plans to ePortfolios
Open source is a set of principles and practices that promote access to the design and production of goods and knowledge. The term is most commonly applied to the source code of software that is available to the general public with relaxed or nonexistent intellectual property restrictions. This allows users to create software content through incremental individual effort or through collaboration (Wikipedia, 2007 AU7: The in-text citation "Wikipedia, 2007" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
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The Role of Big Data and Business Analytics in Decision Making
Open source doesn’t just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: 1. Free Redistribution; 2. Source Code; 3. Derived Works; 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code; 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups; 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor; 7. Distribution of License; 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product; 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software; 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral. For the complete definition see https://opensource.org/docs/osd .
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Second Language Writing Instruction through Blended Learning: Report on a Pilot Course at the University of Freiburg for Undergraduate Students of English
(broadly) refers here to software that is “free”, i.e. no payment is necessary; more specifically it refers to software distributed under licenses guaranteeing anybody rights to freely use, modify, and redistribute, the source code
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Educational Technology and Intellectual Property
Coding that is freely available to the public, usually applied to software development.
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Preparing Participants for Computer Mediated Communication
Programs that are developed with an open license and distributed without cost. Upgrades to programs and support are often provided by the user community.
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Mining User Activity Data In Higher Education Open Systems: Trends, Challenges, and Possibilities
Open source is a term used generally for software created by the programmers who allow then allow the source code to be distributed freely. This form of distribution encourages other programmers to take up, modify, and contribute back improvements to the software. There are many variations on the openness involved in open source. In some cases, the code can be re-used in any way. In other cases, use of the code brings with it a requirement that any new system of which it becomes a part will, in turn, become open to all. Due to the aggregate nature of contributions, the major challenges for open source software product development involve organizational coordination and oversight. The community source process brings to open source a model of governance via an institutional consortium.
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Self-Directed Learning in the Age of Open Source, Open Hardware and 3D Printing
Originally related to software, the term is increasingly related to hardware (open design), and is a principle whereby all aspects of a product or service are made freely available to the public for use and modification.
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Providing Continuous Web Accessibility Evaluation: A Case Study on the Evolution of Governmental Websites
This concerns the source code of software which can be used and adapted for different purposes.
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Preparing Participants for Computer Mediated Communication
Programs that are developed with an open license and distributed without cost. Upgrades to programs and support are often provided by the user community.
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Customer Involved Open Innovation: Innovation of New Products with End Users and Customers
Open source is a set of principles and practices that promote access to the design and production of goods and knowledge. The term is most commonly applied to the source code of software that is available to the general public with relaxed or non-existent intellectual property restrictions. This allows users to create software content through incremental individual effort or through collaboration.
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Open Access Initiatives and Institutional Repositories: An Overview
A program in which the source code is available to the general Public for use and modification free of charge.
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The Popular Culture of 3D Printing: When the Digital Gets Physical
Originally related to software, the term is increasingly related to hardware (open design), and is a principle whereby all aspects of a product or service are made freely available to the public for use and modification.
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Virtual Communities
Describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product’s sources (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source)
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