What is Spatial Diversity

Multi-antenna systems incorporating smart antenna techniques present numerous advantages compared to their single antenna counterparts including increased capacity and range, by exploring spatial diversity. The current status and novel research directions in the framework of such array systems are presented. Furthermore, the application of nonlinear antenna arrays in the design of novel RF/microwave front-ends, that present compact, low cost and energy efficient solutions for smart antenna array applications is demonstrated. In this manner, the advantages of such systems in terms of their application within next generation networks are highlighted both from the point of view of digital signal processing techniques, as well as alternative analog radio front-end architectures.