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What is Subjective

Chapter 8
Handbook of Research on Synthetic Emotions and Sociable Robotics: New Applications in Affective Computing and Artificial Intelligence
There are two distinct but overlapping senses in which something may be termed subjective and contrasted with the objective (q.v.). In the context of this chapter, subjective refers to first-person (q.v.) observation, which is essential to the protophenomenological analysis (q.v.) of emotion. Colloquially, subjective may connote observations and opinions that are biased or distorted, but that is not the intent here, since the purpose of phenomenology (q.v.) is to produce unbiased and factual first-person (subjective) observations.
Published in Chapter:
Robots React, but Can They Feel?
Bruce J. MacLennan (University of Tennessee, USA)
Copyright: © 2009 |Pages: 21
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-354-8.ch008
Abstract
This chapter addresses the “Hard Problem” of consciousness in the context of robot emotions. The Hard Problem, as defined by Chalmers, refers to the task of explaining the relation between conscious experience and the physical processes associated with it. For example, a robot can act afraid, but could it feel fear? Using protophenomenal analysis, which reduces conscious experience to its smallest units and investigates their physical correlates, we consider whether robots could feel their emotions, and the conditions under which they might do so. We find that the conclusion depends on unanswered but empirical questions in the neuropsychology of human consciousness. However, we do conclude that conscious emotional experience will require a robot to have a rich representation of its body and the physical state of its internal processes, which is important even in the absence of conscious experience.
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Chapter 11
What Economics Can Learn From Ontology: Toward an Interdisciplinary Reconciliation
(a) The epistemic sense of subjective refers to an agent’s judgments whose truth or falsity depends on his or her attitudes, feelings, beliefs, points of view. For example, “I like chocolate” is a subjective judgment. As such, subjective judgments are reducible to the mind. (b) The ontological sense of subjective refers to judgments about facts in the world that can settle the truth or falsity of such judgments. For example, “I like Belgian chocolate” is a judgment that refers to the fact that there is such a thing as Belgian chocolate, and these facts can settle the truth of the kind of chocolate that I like. However, I if say “I like Antarctican chocolate,” then this judgment has no correspondence with a fact in the world since there isn’t such a thing as chocolate grown or made in Antarctica.
Published in Chapter: What Economics Can Learn From Ontology: Toward an Interdisciplinary Reconciliation; From: Examining the Relationship Between Economics and Philosophy
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Chapter 5
Considerations of the Mental Workload in Socio-Technical Systems in the Manufacturing Industry: A Literature Review
In the field of mental load assessment, subjective instruments are those in which the mental workload is not measured directly, but indirectly.
Published in Chapter: Considerations of the Mental Workload in Socio-Technical Systems in the Manufacturing Industry: A Literature Review; From: Advanced Macroergonomics and Sociotechnical Approaches for Optimal Organizational Performance
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