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What is Transactional Distance

Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition
Refers to the extent to which time and distance impact communications and interactions in a virtual learning environment. Michael G. Moore (1993) is credited with the identification of this impact and subsequent theory.
Published in Chapter:
Facilitating Connected Knowing Through Virtual Learning Communities
Holly McCracken (The University of Illinois at Springfield, USA)
Copyright: © 2009 |Pages: 9
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch141
Abstract
Generally believed critical to facilitating multi-dimensional instructional experiences for participants in a range of educational environments (for example, as accessed through academic institutions, corporate staff development, professional organizations, and so forth), the use of learning communities as an important instructional method is widely recognized across academic disciplines, teaching approaches, and delivery media. In fact, Lave and Wenger (in McPherson & Nunes, 2004) argued that learning is, by nature, an activity by which one engages knowledge in many forms, through which one becomes a “member of the community of knowledge” (p. 305). As such, communication, collaboration, and interaction become essential methods in facilitating instructional partnerships. Extending beyond a social context, the ongoing relationship building, advising, and mentoring generated through participation in learning communities provide a foundation for continued cognitive development and knowledge construction (Rovai, 2002; Wegerif, 1998).
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More Results
Interaction in Online Learning Environments: A View From Theory to Practice
Transactional distance is a psychological gap that can cause misunderstandings in communication.
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An Emerging Trend in Online Instruction: E-Flipped Classroom
It is the “psychological and communication space to be crossed, a space for potential misunderstanding between the inputs of instructor and those of the learner” ( Moore, 1993 , p. 22).
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Self-Organization in Social Software for Learning
A measure of the relative amounts of dialogue and structure in an educational activity. Of necessity, as one increases, the other decreases and vice versa. More autonomous learners require less dialogue than more dependent learners.
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Emergency Distance Education From the Perspective of a University During the COVID-19 Era: An Experience-Based Reflection
This refers to the sensory or perceptual distance of communication and interaction between student-student, student-teacher, student-content in online environments.
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Design and Evaluation of Mobile Learning from the Perspective of Cognitive Load Management
Transactional distance is the collection of perceived psychological, cognitive, and affective distances between learners and instructors in distance learning environments. Such distance can impact learning engagement as well as the attainment of intended learning outcomes.
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PAUSE: Understandable and Specific - The Golden Slice Part 2
This is the psychological and communicative distance between students and instructors in online education.
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Transactional Distance and the Capacity Triangle of Adult Teaching and Learning
This is the psychological and communicative distance that is between students and instructors in online education.
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Online Communication and E-Learning
Transactional distance is the pedagogical and psychological distance (not the geographical distance) that exists in a distant course between teachers and students, that are physically separated.
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Can Software Grade My Students' Papers?: Do I Want It To?
Theory developed by Michael Moore in the 1970s to consider teaching and learning conducted through technology rather than theories developed for classroom application.
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Organizing Faculty for Distance Learning
The dynamic of teacher-learner relationships that exist when learners and instructors are separated by a combination of space or time.
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Developing Creativity as a Skill and Disposition in Learners: An Approach to Teaching Creative Thinking Creatively in Blended Business Education
The Moore theory (1989) that the most profound impact on distance education is pedagogy and not the physical or temporal distance that separates educator and learner.
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Writing as Pedagogy
The virtual distance between teacher and student in an online course.
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Mobile Technology and Learning
The cognitive space between instructor and learner as opposed to just the geographic space.
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PAUSE: Applicable - The Golden Slice Part 1
This is the psychological and communicative distance that is between students and instructors in online education.
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PAUSE: Putting It All Together
This is the psychological and communicative distance between students and instructors in online education.
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E-Social Constructivism and Collaborative E-Learning
Transactional distance describes the gap in time between comment and response in discussions that occur asynchronously, not simultaneously.
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Behave Yourself!: An Investigation of the Impact of Tutor Behaviour on the Student Experience of Online Distance-Based Learning
Moore’s theory, first described in 1973 and developed further since, that it is not the geographical distance between a teacher and student that impacts on learning outcomes, but the cognitive distance. He suggests that individual feedback and dialogue can narrow the gap. Moore first wrote about his theory in a time that preceded online education but the theory is, the authors would argue, as relevant today.
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Efficient Mobile Learning in Classroom Settings through MLE
cognitive space between teachers and learners in an educational setting that may produce a pedagogical, psychological or communicational gap. It occurs, especially in distance online education, where learners are separated from their teacher and from each other.
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Managing Online Teaching Faculty: A Case Study and Review of Literature on Mentoring of Online Faculty
This refers to the psychological and communication space that is created between teachers and learners in an environment having the special characteristic of separation of teachers and learners.
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Interaction in Web-Based Learning
According to Moore (1996, p. 200), it is an interplay between people who are teachers and learners, in environments that have the special characteristics of being separate from one another, and a consequent set of special teaching and learning behaviors. It is the physical distance that leads to a communications gap, a psychological space of potential misunderstanding between the behaviors of instructors and those of the learners, and this is the transactional distance.
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PAUSE: Encouraging
This is the psychological and communicative distance that is between students and instructors in online education.
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Structuring Online Instruction by Dynamic Design, Delivery, and Assessment
Separation of instructor and learners that necessitates bridging the psychological and communications space; it is the space that constitutes the transactional distance which is understood not simply as a geographical distance, but also a pedagogical concept. Three key elements determine the extent of transactional distance are: structure, dialog, learner autonomy.
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Discipline-Specific Writing Within a Pedagogy of Caring
This is the psychological and communicative distance that is between students and instructors in online education.
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Learning Together: Reducing Distance in Distance Education
A theory about the psychological and communicative gaps arising in distance education
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PAUSE: Praise
This is the psychological and communicative distance between students and instructors in online education.
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CTE Distance E-Learning Application: A Learner-Centered Approach
A learning theory developed by Michael Moore which considers the ongoing interplay of autonomy, dialogue and structure in the distance learning process as a gauge for identifying the degree of interactive proximity between instructors, learners and content.
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High-Impact Writing Support for Online Students Writing a Dissertation in Practice
Pedagogical concept of separation that occurs from physical distance and impedes organic idea generation that occurs through shared space and regular contact.
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Video-Based Discussion: Promoting Presence Through Interactions in Online Higher Education Courses
A separation in online learning designs that involves physical, educational, and psychological dimensions.
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Psycho-Social Well-Being of Young Learners During Emergency Remote Teaching: General Scope and Suggestions for Improvement
Different from physical or temporal distance, transactional distance refers to the psychological or communicative space between learner and the teacher in a structured and planned learning environment.
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Preparing Teachers for Mobile Learning Applications Grounded in Research and Pedagogical Frameworks
The theory of cognitive space, a psychological and communications distance, between instructors and learners in an educational setting, particularly in distance education. Three key elements determine the extent of transactional distance are: structure, dialog, learner autonomy.
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Examining Transactional Distance in Synchronous Online Learning Environments
A psychological or communicational gap that could lead to potential misunderstandings between the learner and the instructor.
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