The International Journal of Artificial Life Research (IJALR) provides a forum on the study of living systems, human level artificial systems, and machines that exhibit intelligent autonomous behavioral characteristics. Presenting researchers and practitioners with access to explore the developments of life-like or human-like forms of systems, IJALR promotes research in emerging disciplines of artificial life to improve and comprehend real-world problems. This journal publishes all concepts, theories, systems, and procedures that exhibit properties, phenomena, or abilities of any living system or human.