Lesley Farmer

Lesley FarmerDr. Farmer, Professor at California State University Long Beach, coordinates the Librarianship program. She earned her M.S. in Library Science at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, and received her doctorate in Adult Education from Temple University. Dr. Farmer has worked as a librarian in K-12 school settings as well as in public, special, and academic libraries. She chaired the Education Section of the Special Libraries Association, and is the International Association of School Librarianship Vice-President of Association Relations. Dr. Farmer is a Fulbright Scholar, and has received a university Distinguished Scholarly Activity Award, several professional association awards, and national/international grants. Dr. Farmer’s research interests include information literacy, assessment, collaboration, and educational technology. A frequent presenter and writer for the profession, Dr. Farmer has published two dozen professional books, and over a hundred professional book chapters and articles. Her most recent books are Your School Library: Check It Out!,published by Libraries Unlimited in 2009, and NealSchuman Technology Management Handbook for School Library Media Centers, co-authored with Marc McPhee in 2010.

Publications

Visual Cultural Arts as a Gateway to Digital Literacy
Lesley S. J. Farmer, Christopher J. Farmer. © 2023. 20 pages.
Societies increasingly use visual arts to communicate and teach about their cultures. Therefore, both visual and digital literacies are needed in order to better understand and...
Technology Use and Its Changing Role in Community Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2023. 26 pages.
Technology, particularly as it supports interactive learning communities, now plays a central role in community education. While technology affords access to information more...
Pre-Service Teacher Preparation to Integrate Computational Thinking
Lesley S. J. Farmer, Shuhua An. © 2022. 19 pages.
United States education has experienced a big push for students to learn coding as part of computer science and more explicitly address computational thinking (CT). However, CT...
Citizen Journalism: Activating Students to Participate in Global Issues
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2022. 24 pages.
Increasingly, globalization has become a significant factor in digital citizenship, yet students often lack systematic education in global awareness and civic education and have...
Instructional Design and Online Standards
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2021. 22 pages.
Online education has a foundation so that beneficial practices can leverage online environments effectively. Besides generic instructional design principles, models of good...
Pre-Service Teacher Preparation to Integrate Computational Thinking
Lesley S. J. Farmer, Shuhua An. © 2020. 19 pages.
United States education has experienced a big push for students to learn coding as part of computer science and more explicitly address computational thinking (CT). However, CT...
Instructional Design and Online Standards
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2020. 27 pages.
Online education has a foundation so that beneficial practices can leverage online environments effectively. Besides generic instructional design principles, models of good...
Learner-Developed Case Studies on Ethics: Collaborative Reflection Between School Librarians and Education Technology Learners
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 33 pages.
This chapter explains how case studies can be used successfully in higher education to provide an authentic, interactive way to teach ethical behavior through critical analysis...
The Role of Librarians in Blended Courses
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 17 pages.
This chapter investigates the intersection of instructional design and implementation, blended learning, ICT literacy, and academic librarians within higher education. Using the...
Beyond Textbooks: Sources of Good Virtual Training
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 19 pages.
Textbooks can serve as a good starting point for learning concepts or serve as a reinforcing reference tool for students. However, to address the various academic needs of...
Educational Technology and Intellectual Property
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 17 pages.
Intellectual pursuit and the recognition of ideas is a central concept. Copyright attempts to protect the rights of intellectual creators while balancing those rights with the...
Globalization and Localization in Online Settings
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 24 pages.
In designing online instruction, increasingly educators need to consider cultural aspects of the educational philosophy, concepts, language, resources, teaching strategies, ICT...
Cross-Cultural Aspects of Collective Intelligence Online
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 21 pages.
Today's wisdom society depends on intellectual capital, that is, collective knowledge and informational assets. Increasingly, the global scene reflects a more interactive...
Globalization and Localization in Online Settings
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 24 pages.
In designing online instruction, increasingly educators need to consider cultural aspects of the educational philosophy, concepts, language, resources, teaching strategies, ICT...
The Transformation of Collective Intelligence
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 20 pages.
Today's knowledge society depends on intellectual capital, that is, collective knowledge and informational assets. Increasingly, the global scene reflects a more interactive...
Using Virtual Environments to Transform Collective Intelligence
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 15 pages.
The wisdom society is the latest iteration of the idea of collective intelligence, which has accelerated due to social media and other online collaborative tools. This chapter...
Collective Intelligence in Online Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2019. 21 pages.
Collective intelligence may be loosely defined as the capacity of a group to think, learn, and create collectively. Online education reflects an interactive mode relative to...
Evaluating a Professional Development Program for Course Redesign With Technology: The Faculty End-User Experience
Elaine V. Bernal, Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 21 pages.
This study evaluated a California State University Course Redesign Professional Development program, focusing on the user experience of STEM faculty as they learned about...
Educational Technology and Intellectual Property
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 15 pages.
Technology Aspects of Information Literacy in the Workplace
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 20 pages.
Workplaces need information literate employees in order to manage the increasing quantity and complexity of information that impacts their organizations, yet they provide uneven...
ICT Literacy Integration: Issues and Sample Efforts
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 22 pages.
In order to be prepared for today's knowledge society, students need to be ICT literate. To ensure that all students become ICT literate requires systematic integration of...
Informatization and Digital Citizenship
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 19 pages.
This chapter examines the bases for informatization and describes the conditions for meaningful and responsible participation in the informatized society, both in the workplace...
Collective Intelligence in Online Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 21 pages.
Collective intelligence may be loosely defined as the capacity of a group to think, learn, and create collectively. Online education reflects an interactive mode relative to...
Optimizing OERs for Optimal ICT Literacy in Higher Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 25 pages.
Increasingly, faculty realize that the importance of digital resources, not only for textbooks but also other materials that can be accessed online. Of special note are Open...
Extensions of Content Analysis in the Creation of Multimodal Knowledge Representations
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 19 pages.
Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments, optimizing users' interaction with that knowledge representation. This chapter explains...
Pro-Active Digital Citizenship: Strategies for Educators
Lesley Farmer. © 2018. 18 pages.
Technology advances, particularly in terms of information access and sharing, give rise to complex ethical issues that youth need to grapple with. Digital citizenship...
Evaluating a Professional Development Program for Course Redesign With Technology: The Faculty End-User Experience
Elaine V. Bernal, Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2018. 22 pages.
This study evaluated a California State University Course Redesign Professional Development program, focusing on the user experience of STEM faculty as they learned about...
Data Analytics for Strategic Management: Getting the Right Data
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2017. 13 pages.
To direct and maintain smooth operations in coordination with internal and external sectors, strategic managers need to collect and analyze data about those operations and...
Managing Portable Technologies for Special Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2017. 11 pages.
This chapter focuses on the management aspects of portable technologies for special education. Public education has a responsibility to insure that all students learn to the...
Strategic Management from Within
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2017. 11 pages.
For managers to improve the organization strategically, they need to begin with self-management. What qualities exemplify effective managers? An individual effectiveness model...
Quantitative Data Analysis for Quality Control in Strategic Management
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2017. 10 pages.
Data-driven decision-making and accompanying data analytic skills are increasingly important. Data analytics involves several steps: identifying the study's objective...
ICT Literacy Integration: Issues and Sample Efforts
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2017. 22 pages.
In order to be prepared for today's knowledge society, students need to be ICT literate. To ensure that all students become ICT literate requires systematic integration of...
Information as a Human Right
Lesley Farmer. © 2016. 16 pages.
Information lies at the core of freedom of expression since it empowers citizens to understand the functions of media and other information providers, to access and critically...
Incorporating Information Literacy into Instructional Design within Pre-Service Teacher Programs
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2016. 18 pages.
As information and technology increase, the need for help in accessing, evaluating, and using information efficiently rises. Preservice teachers need information literacy for...
The Roles of Professional Organizations in School Library Education
Lesley Farmer. © 2016. 24 pages.
International guidelines for school libraries and school librarians exist. However, the role of professional library associations in school librarian education has been largely...
Library Science and Technology in a Changing World
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2016. 12 pages.
As the world changes, so does information and its use. This chapter explains functions of library science as impacted by technology within the context of change. Library science...
Information Architecture and the Comic Arts: Knowledge Structure and Access
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2016. 20 pages.
Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments, optimizing users' interaction with that content and their context. Comic arts may be...
Citizen Education and Technology
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2016. 13 pages.
Technology plays a central role in current citizen education. Technology also impacts the underlying concept of citizenship since it now has to consider the digital society. This...
Using Virtual Environments to Transform Collective Intelligence
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2016. 15 pages.
The wisdom society is the latest iteration of the idea of collective intelligence, which has accelerated due to social media and other online collaborative tools. This chapter...
Technology Impact on New Adult Behavior about Health Information
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2016. 14 pages.
New adults, between 18 and 25 years old, need and want information about health issues. Even though new adults tend to prefer asking people for help, increasingly they access...
Using Authentic Case Studies to Teach Ethics Collaboratively to School Librarians in Distance Education
Lesley Farmer. © 2015. 20 pages.
This chapter explains how case studies can be used successfully in distance education to provide an authentic, interactive way to teach ethical behavior through critical analysis...
Information Architecture and the Comic Arts: Knowledge Structure and Access
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2015. 20 pages.
Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments, optimizing users' interaction with that content and their context. Comic arts may be...
Information as a Human Right
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2015. 18 pages.
Information lies at the core of freedom of expression since it empowers citizens to understand the functions of media and other information providers, to access and critically...
The Roles of Professional Organizations in School Library Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2014. 24 pages.
International guidelines for school libraries and school librarians exist. However, the role of professional library associations in school librarian education has been largely...
Librarians’ Roles in Informatics to Support Classroom Incorporation of Technology
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2014. 19 pages.
Informatics, particularly as applied to K12 settings, has received little systematic attention worldwide, although the field itself is growing due to the impact of technology and...
Incorporating Information Literacy into Instructional Design within Pre-Service Teacher Programs
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2014. 18 pages.
As information and technology increase, the need for help in accessing, evaluating, and using information efficiently rises. Preservice teachers need information literacy for...
Using Authentic Case Studies to Teach Ethics Collaboratively to School Librarians in Distance Education
Lesley Farmer. © 2014. 20 pages.
This chapter explains how case studies can be used successfully in distance education to provide an authentic, interactive way to teach ethical behavior through critical analysis...
Assessment Processes for Online Professional Development
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2014. 21 pages.
Professional development (PD) assessment is an ongoing, integral activity in order to improve results at individual, training, program, and institutional levels. Principles of...
The Transformation of Collective Intelligence
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2014. 19 pages.
Today's knowledge society depends on intellectual capital, that is, collective knowledge and informational assets. Increasingly, the global scene reflects a more interactive...
Citizen Education and Technology
Lesley Farmer. © 2014. 12 pages.
Technology plays a central role in current citizen education. Technology also impacts the underlying concept of citizenship since it now has to consider the digital society. This...
Innovative Technologies in Library Science
Lesley Farmer. © 2014. 12 pages.
Libraries provide physical and intellectual access to high quality information in its myriad formats. To fulfill their responsibilities, librarians have incorporated technology...
Information Technologies for Adolescents
Lesley Farmer. © 2014. 15 pages.
Adolescents live in a technology-enhanced world. However, significant subpopulations lack physical and intellectual access to digital technologies. Content and communications...
Literacy and Technology
Lesley Farmer. © 2014. 11 pages.
Contemporary literacy education needs to acknowledge technology's nearly ubiquitous presence and leverage that status by incorporating technology into practice. For such...
Library Science and Technology in a Changing World
Lesley Farmer. © 2014. 12 pages.
As the world changes, so does information and its use. This chapter explains functions of library science as impacted by technology within the context of change. Library science...
Technology Impact on New Adult Behavior about Health Information
Lesley Farmer. © 2014. 14 pages.
New adults, between 18 and 25 years old, need and want information about health issues. Even though new adults tend to prefer asking people for help, increasingly they access...
Assessment Processes for Online Professional Development
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 20 pages.
Professional development (PD) assessment is an ongoing, integral activity in order to improve results at individual, training, program, and institutional levels. Principles of...
New Perspectives of Andragogy in Relation to the Use of Technology
Lesley Farmer. © 2013. 16 pages.
This chapter examines technological factors that influence the conditions and processes of adult learning, and how adult educators can deal with those changes effectively....
Information Technology and Fair Use
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 13 pages.
Intellectual pursuit and the recognition of ideas is a central concept. Copyrights protect the rights of intellectual creators while balancing those rights with the needs for...
Technology Aspects of Information Literacy in the Workplace
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 19 pages.
Workplaces need information literate employees in order to manage the increasing quantity and complexity of information that impacts their organizations, yet they provide uneven...
Affective Side of Technology Incorporation in the Workplace
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 20 pages.
The need for critical use of technology is more important than ever in a digital world. This changing informational environment affects the workplace, and also emphasizes the...
Informatization and Digital Citizenship
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 17 pages.
This chapter examines the bases for informatization and describes the conditions for meaningful and responsible participation in the informatized society, both in the workplace...
Technology Use and Its Changing Role in Community Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 16 pages.
Technology, particularly as it supports interactive learning communities, now plays a central role in community education. While technology affords access to information more...
Librarians’ Roles in Informatics to Support Classroom Incorporation of Technology
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 19 pages.
Informatics, particularly as applied to K12 settings, has received little systematic attention worldwide, although the field itself is growing due to the impact of technology and...
Digital Citizenship Instruction in K-20 Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 19 pages.
As technology advances, so do the techniques for abusing it. While traditional crime has not increased in some countries, cyber crime is becoming increasingly common and steadily...
K-20 Education in Relation to Library Science
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 22 pages.
Information constitutes a central element of education as K-20 teachers design and implement curriculum for students to gain knowledge and skills. Librarians are information...
Digital Citizenship and Distance Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2013. 15 pages.
This chapter describes the role of digital citizenship as it relates to school librarianship in online learning environments. It discusses the need for digital citizenship, its...
Pedagogical and Andragogical Teaching and Learning with Information Communication Technologies
Viktor Wang, Lesley Farmer, Judith Parker, Pamela M. Golubski. © 2012. 242 pages.
Pedagogy and andragogy are often treated as separate fields, despite their similarities and shared goal of stimulating learning in individuals to the fullest degree possible....
E-learning for K-12 Learners and Adult Learners
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2012. 16 pages.
E-learning uses online networks to enable learners to interact meaningfully with their educational environment. E-learning is explained in terms of the communication cycle and...
Curriculum Development for Online Learners
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2012. 17 pages.
This chapter focuses on curriculum development issues as they apply to online education. Curriculum and its development are defined and contextualized within online learning...
Gender Issues in Online Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2012. 17 pages.
Women constitute the majority of U.S. online learners, an environment that can cloak gender issues. Nevertheless, people bring their experiences and attitudes to the educational...
Age Issues in Online Teaching
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2012. 16 pages.
Age impacts online instructional design and delivery in two ways: developmental/biological and social/cultural. Developmental and generational issues are detailed as they impact...
Addressing Cultures in Online Teaching
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2012. 18 pages.
In online environments, identifying and addressing different cultures can be challenging, but differences exist as increasingly diverse student populations interact with...
Information Technology and Fair Use
Lesley Farmer. © 2012. 13 pages.
Intellectual pursuit and the recognition of ideas is a central concept. Copyright attempts to protect the rights of intellectual creators while balancing those rights with the...
Change Process
Lesley Farmer. © 2012. 17 pages.
Change occurs at several levels within any system: the individual, a group, and the system as a whole. At each level, internal or external factors can drive change (although...
Web 2.0 Technology and Educational Leadership Communication
Lesley Farmer. © 2012. 12 pages.
In today’s interactive world, leadership is becoming more broad-based. Effective educational leaders know how to leverage such participation to develop a collaborative community...
Information Competency and E-Learning
Lesley Farmer. © 2012. 18 pages.
In the information society, learners need to locate and evaluate resources carefully as well as determine how to use relevant information to solve problems and make wise...
Addressing and Leading Change
Lesley Farmer. © 2012. 18 pages.
Change occurs at several levels within any system: the individual, a group, and the system as a whole. At each level, internal or external factors can drive change (although...
E-Leadership and Information Literacy
Lesley Farmer. © 2012. 15 pages.
In the information society, learners need to locate and evaluate resources carefully as well as determine how to use relevant information to solve problems and make wise...
Innovative Instructional Strategies with the Use of Technology for Adult Learners
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2012. 19 pages.
Technology incorporation adds another dimension to instructional design because it requires that the adult educator be skilled enough to design and use technology-enhance...
From the Teachings of Confucius to Western Influences: How Adult Education is Shaped in Taiwan
Viktor Wang, Lesley Farmer. © 2012. 16 pages.
This article reports the results of a study designed to determine whether the teachings of Confucius (liberal and behavioral teaching approaches) or Western teaching approaches...
How Adults Learn Through Information Technologies
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2011. 20 pages.
To understand how learning is impacted by technology, an overview of learning processes, adult education, and educational technology is needed. Adults learn contextually and...
New Perspectives of Andragogy in Relation to the Use of Technology
Lesley Farmer. © 2011. 16 pages.
This chapter examines technological factors that influence the conditions and processes of adult learning, and how adult educators can deal with those changes effectively....
Assessing Adult Learning in Online Courses
Lesley Farmer, Judith Parker. © 2011. 19 pages.
This chapter focuses on assessment and evaluation of adult learning, and provides examples of strategies and techniques in online environments. Adult education assessment...
Technology-Enhanced Information Literacy in Adult Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2011. 20 pages.
Economic and social activities rely on information and communication technologies. Information literacy forms the basis for lifelong learning. Particularly with the advent of...
Gender Impact on Adult Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2011. 19 pages.
As society becomes more pluralistic, it behooves adult education to understand how gender intersects adult education so that equitable means of learning and teaching can empower...
Gaming in Adult Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2011. 20 pages.
Egames have drawn attention in adult education, particularly as the majority of adults play egames. Adult education is increasingly incorporating serious games, mainly simulation...
Designing Culturally-Sensitive Career and Technical Career Curriculum
Lesley Farmer. © 2011. 19 pages.
The workplace has become more cross-cultural due to labor costs, outsourcing, and international production. Cultural sensitivity accepts cultural similarities and differences...
Career and Technical Education Technology: Three Decades in Review and Technological Trends in the Future
Lesley Farmer. © 2011. 16 pages.
In the last three decades, the nature of technology incorporation into career and technical education (CTE) training has changed. Technology used in the field has been...
Gaming in Adult Education
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2011. 20 pages.
Egames have drawn attention in adult education, particularly as the majority of adults play egames. Adult education is increasingly incorporating serious games, mainly simulation...
Information Technology and Fair Use
Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2011. 12 pages.
Intellectual pursuit and the recognition of ideas is a central concept. Copyrights protect the rights of intellectual creators while balancing those rights with the needs for...
Lights, Camera, Action! Via Teacher Librarian Video Conferencing
Lesley Farmer. © 2010. 10 pages.
How can professional organizations build an online community of practice that enables teacher librarians globally to connect meaningfully and make a difference locally—and...
eGaming and Girls: Optimizing Use in School Libraries
Lesley S. J. Farmer, Nora G. Murphy. © 2010. 27 pages.
Schools and libraries are considering the incorporation of egaming because of its attraction to youth and its potential benefit for instruction, developing information literacy...
Adult Learners and Their Development in the Information Society
Lesley Farmer. © 2010. 19 pages.
In a digital world where the amount of information doubles every two years, adults need to evaluate resources carefully and determine how to use relevant information to solve...
Innovative Instructional Strategies with the Use of Technology for Adult Learners
Lesley Farmer. © 2010. 19 pages.
Technology incorporation adds another dimension to instructional design because it requires that the adult educator be skilled enough to design and use technology-enhance...
From the Teachings of Confucius to Western Influences: How Adult Education is Shaped in Taiwan
Viktor Wang, Lesley S. J. Farmer. © 2010. 17 pages.
This article reports the results of a study designed to determine whether the teachings of Confucius (liberal and behavioral teaching approaches) or Western teaching approaches...
E-Learning Spaces
Lesley Farmer. © 2009. 12 pages.
This chapter analyzes the state of learning spaces as they impact career and technical education. Relevant theories and models about physical learning spaces transfer to...
Culturally-Sensitive E-Learning Practices for Career and Technical Education
Lesley Farmer. © 2009. 11 pages.
Increasingly, people are seeking distance education delivery options in order to get the vocational training needed from experts who may reside continents away. Therefore...
Fostering Online Communities of Practice in Career and Technical Education
Lesley Farmer. © 2009. 12 pages.
Career and vocational educators (CTE) need to find ways to foster online communities of practice (CoP) in order to optimize learning and application of knowledge to real...
Affective Collaborative Instruction with Librarians
Lesley Farmer. © 2008. 10 pages.
Academic librarians can leverage their expertise in using and teaching with information technology to increase their level of collaboration with teaching faculty. In this change...