Viktor Wang

Technologies come and go at an alarming rate, and the length of time any one technology exists before being supplanted by a newer technology is growing even shorter. In colleges...

Preparing graduates for the present and future workforce is an important strategic learning and teaching goal of higher education. Towards realizing this goal, institutions are...

Education inevitably influences society and our future. As literature and experience tells, educational leaders impact not only their institutions, but ultimately the learning...

Adult learners are unique. Caught up in the social, economic, and political dynamics of a complex and fluid society, adults are highly diverse learners, and their motivations and...

Challenged by the uncertainty and complexity of the digital age, organizations must make learning a priority if they are to survive and thrive. Increasingly, organizations are...

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to how teachers can be taught about research in ways that are meaningful for them and relevant to their practice. The three...

Drawing on the seminal works of Jurgen Habermas, Axel Honneth, Andre Gorz, and Shoshana Zuboff, this article searches in the Marxian tradition for clues to assert claims that the...

The philosophical foundation of emancipatory knowledge lies in critical theory. In this paradigm, instrumental and communicative knowledge are not rejected but are limited. If we...

This chapter explores the evolution of E-learning, defines many E-platforms and discusses the relationship between contemporary Andragogical practices, and future technology...

This study addresses the question of whether or not active learning can be taught online. There are many definitions of learning: It is the process and the sum total of acquiring...

Despite the rapid and prolific uptake of online learning across higher education, the promised positive impact of digital technologies on the quality of learning has mostly...

The disruptive effect of digital technologies is felt across almost all aspects of human endeavour. Research is no exception. The disruptive potential of digital technologies is...

Adult education is a significant feature of the Taiwanese education landscape and is recognized as significantly contributing to national economic development. Given the...

This Foreword is included in the book Toward Sustainability Through Digital Technologies and Practices in the Eurasian Region.

Informal learning is a universal current phenomenon of learning via participation, experience, or learning via student-centered knowledge creation. It stands in stark contrast...

The International Journal of Adult Education and Technology (IJAET) provides a global look at educational technologies for adult learners in higher education with content drawing...

Higher education institutions are, more so than other organizations, deeply complex, and they present a unique challenge to their leaders and administrators. The unique...

There is no singular ‘best’ method of research. The differing nature of various research endeavors warrant multiple ways of generating knowledge, sharing knowledge, and more...

Survey research, in various forms, is the mainstay for social researchers and anyone interested in finding out about people's opinions, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences....

This Foreword is included in the book Competency-Based and Social-Situational Approaches for Facilitating Learning in Higher Education.

Traditional methods of viewing the world through the scientific method or instrumental knowledge do not adequately serve the needs of theory, research, and practice within an...

Facilitated by the explosion of technologies, globalization is the catalyst for many changes in society and its workings. Higher education is no exception. In the present chapter...

Technologies come and go at an alarming rate, and the length of time any one technology exists before being supplanted by a newer technology is growing even shorter. In colleges...

Learning analytics have taken higher education by the proverbial “storm.” Universities primarily employ learning analytics at the level of metrics to satisfy institutional...

As the educational system continues to evolve, it is essential that educators of today devise innovative and strategic approaches to program development and assessment. The...

Information acquisition and management has always had a profound impact on societal and organizational progression. This is due to higher education programs continuously...

In the twenty-first century, learning and the definition of education is changing. New digital, online, and social tools have the ability to transform the classroom and engage...

In recent years, politics have become more and more intertwined with education, often leading to non-academic curriculum control. This is most apparent than in the fields of high...

This chapter explores the evolution of E-learning, defines many E-platforms and discusses the relationship between contemporary Andragogical practices, and future technology...

Engaging in genuine dialogue and authentic communication is essential for teachers to assist students’ successes and help them further their education through refining critical...

Survey research is a mainstay of social research. Both cost effective and time efficient, this method of research is commonly used for the purposes of gaining insight into the...

This chapter illustrates gaps that exist between leadership theories and practice. Well-reasoned theories are described in many academic books, yet they may not apply in...

Despite the rapid and prolific uptake of online learning across higher education, the promised positive impact of digital technologies on the quality of learning has mostly...

In order to deliver optimum educational opportunities to learners, higher education institutions must utilize emerging innovations and resources. By doing so, they can begin to...

Strategic leadership techniques are the cornerstone to positive growth and prosperity within businesses and organizations. Implementing new management strategies and practices...

This study investigated the potentiality for Western andragogy as a teaching method in China's high schools, particularly in teaching English as a foreign language (ESOL). A...

Developing curricula requires instructors to take into account several factors. These factors can be viewed as critical components of curriculum development for education...

Transformative learning theory can create an emancipatory effect for the learner. Therefore, this chapter focuses on how the public can transform their own learning in a more...

Informal learning is a universal current phenomenon of learning via participation, experience, or learning via student-centered knowledge creation. It stands in stark contrast...

This study analyzes whether or not active learning can be taught online. There are many definitions of learning, all reflecting the academic specialties from which each...

Adult learners often fear that they will be unable to find work if they are lacking in technological skills. The media, including newspapers, magazines, and advertisements for...

The emergence of information and communication technologies have impacted greatly on organizations and subsequently their leaders. The virtual context in which many leaders now...

With the forces of globalization, economic turbulence and persistent change bearing down on organizations, it is imperative to an organization's survival that it ‘stays ahead...

This study addresses the question of whether or not active learning can be taught online. There are many definitions of learning: It is the process and the sum total of acquiring...

The Internet serves as an essential tool in promoting health awareness through the circulation of important research among the medical professional community. While digital tools...

Education and learning opportunities bring about the potential for individual and national advancement. As learners move away from traditional scholarly media and toward...

This chapter attempts to address a paradigm shift from training to workplace learning in the 21st century as a means of improving the workforce. For any country or organizations...

MOOCs are a relatively recent phenomenon in the field of teaching and learning. Although MOOCS are essentially online learning and web based course materials, which have been...

Despite being separated by time span, Confucian learning and Meizirow's ideas are not so divergent as one may initially think. In this paper it is argued that the two...

For faculty to advance their careers in higher education, publishing is essential. A competitive marketplace, strict research standards, and scrupulous tenure committees are all...

This chapter takes the reader through a historical review of work ethic and the ways in which organizations can motivate their employees to adopt a healthy rather than unhealthy...

Survey research is prevalent among many professional fields. Both cost-effective and time-efficient, this method of research is commonly used for the purposes of gaining insight...

The authors of this article consider Western teaching and learning alongside Confucian teaching and learning through reviewing the literature. The paper emphasizes that we must...

The goal of an educational system or degree program is to “educate” students. This immediately raises the question of what does it mean to “educate” students. All academic...

Survey research is prevalent among many professional fields. Both cost effective and time efficient, this method of research is commonly used for the purposes of gaining insight...

Education is the first stage in developing a viable, dynamic, and long-lived global economy. Unfortunately, in times of economic hardship, educational programs, teacher salaries...

Continuous advances in technologies, individuals, and the workplace have increased the importance of adult learning and professional development for keeping up with the current...

This chapter illustrates gaps that exist between leadership theories and practice. Well-reasoned theories are described in many academic books, yet they may not apply in...

This chapter reports the results of a study designed to compare Chinese adult education methods with Western (i.e., United States) educational methods using the conceptual...

Today’s ever-changing learning environment is characterized by the fast pace of technology that drives our society to move forward, and causes our knowledge to increase at an...

Technology has become an integral part of our everyday lives. This trend in ubiquitous technology has also found its way into the learning process at every level of education....

Although Westerners have used over 200 terms to describe Self-Directed Learning (SDL), few Western scholars realize that educators in Confucius Heritage Cultures (CHC) have...

Medical breakthroughs and adult literacy have made it easier than ever before to acquire the knowledge, skills, and values needed to lead a productive and satisfying life, yet...

Due to de-institutionalization and open system, it is inappropriate to equate education with youth education. In the new century, education has been delivered electronically to...

Although Westerners have used over 200 terms to describe Self-Directed Learning (SDL), few Western scholars realize that educators in Confucius Heritage Cultures (CHC) have...

Adult learners often fear that they will be unable to find work if they are lacking in technological skills. The media, including newspapers, magazines, and advertisements for...

This chapter argues that adult educators need to adapt their philosophy and their teaching roles to foster adult learners' transformative learning, and it proposes a model...

This chapter reports the results of a study designed to compare Chinese adult education methods with Western (i.e., United States) educational methods using the conceptual...

This study investigated the general instructional modes of adult educators in Southeast China and Northeast China. The study utilized Conti's (1983, 2004) Principles of Adult...

Drawing on the theory of transformational learning, its critique by other scholars, and the transformational experiences of three generations of Chinese adult learners, this...

Workforce education and adult learning cannot and should not be separate. These two closely interrelated fields continue to produce a sustainable competitive advantage in a...

Developing curricula requires instructors to take into account several factors. These factors can be viewed as critical components of curriculum development for education...

To serve a significant portion of the student population, adult learners, in the academy in the 21st century, this chapter argues that online education (e-learning) has the...

A major challenge for organizations is remaining competitive in today's global society where sustainability is the most pressing problem (Ramirez, 2012). This chapter...

Human Resource practitioners have a responsibility to ensure quality learning occurs in their organizations. Therefore, it is important when organizations consider learning in...

This chapter reviews a variety of studies that explore leadership styles and how these styles may apply to different and new types of situations in a constantly changing...

This chapter takes the reader through a historical review of work ethic and the ways in which organizations can motivate their employees to adopt a healthy rather than unhealthy...

The authors compare the knowledge facilitator and the knowledge dictator in today's organizations. Research around cultures in the Confucius-influenced Eastern hemisphere...

Although self-directed learning as a theory has been popularized in Western cultures, especially North America, it is in Confucius-Heritage Societies (CHS) that it has been well...

Transformative learning theory can create an emancipatory effect for the learner. Therefore, this chapter focuses on how the public can transform their own learning in a more...

While adult and vocational education may be viewed as separate, the training and development in education and the workplace is essential to keeping up with the current page of...

As the 21st century has seen, lifelong learning has become more important as many countries have emerged into “learning societies”. With these learning societies, adult and...

This study investigates the andragogical and pedagogical teaching philosophies of online instructors at the California State University, Long Beach in the Spring Semester of...

This article addresses the traditional instructional leadership (characterized with Tyler’s four questions; teachers prescribe a curriculum; learners assume a submissive role of...

This article argues that E-leadership emerged out of technological development among all other major developments in our society. In the virtual environment, leaders are required...

The theory of transformative learning has been explored by different theorists and scholars. However, few scholars have made an attempt to make a comparison between...

Workforce education and adult learning cannot and should not be separate. These two closely interrelated fields continue to produce a sustainable competitive advantage in a...

Workforce education is driven by learning theories. For centuries, andragogy and pedagogy have been treated as learning theories to guide workforce education. In the workplace in...

This chapter attempts to address a paradigm shift from training to workplace learning in the 21st century as a means of improving the workforce. For any country or organizations...

As the areas of community education and professional development continue to expand, the technologies that are utilized in these programs are also progressively advancing....

While the general agreement in education remains that the more senses involved in learning, the better we learn; the question still remains as to the distinction between the...

This article uses a real case to illustrate that marketing educational programs through technology is affected by one’s philosophies positively or negatively, depending on the...

Online learning takes place among learners of all ages in both formal and informal contexts. Due to the fact that traditional age students learn differently from non-traditional...

Adult learners often fear that they will be unable to find work if they are lacking in technological skills. The media, including newspapers, magazines, and advertisements for...

Due to de-institutionalization and open system, it is inappropriate to equate education with youth education. In the new century, education has been delivered electronically to...

There are many definitions of learning, all reflecting the academic specialties from which the study is conducted: 1. the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes...

This chapter argues that adult educators need to adapt their philosophy and their teaching roles to foster adult learners’ transformative learning, and it proposes a model that...

The link between Confucian humanism, Mezirow’s theory of reflectivity, and the convergence of a worldwide concept of andragogy (the art and science of helping adults learn)...

Drawing on the theory of transformational learning, its critique by other scholars, and the transformational experiences of three generations of Chinese adult learners, this...

Pedagogy and andragogy are often treated as separate fields, despite their similarities and shared goal of stimulating learning in individuals to the fullest degree possible....

As a significant number of leaders in the public and private sector near retirement age, there is a core body of knowledge that new school, industry, and business leaders must...

From infancy to adolescence, the degree of dependency on the part of learners requires pedagogical teaching and learning. To teach pedagogically, teachers are required to employ...

Online learning occurs among traditional age students as well as among non-traditional age students. Because traditional age students learn differently from non-traditional age...

While online knowledge dictators are determined by certain teaching/learning situations, Rogers’ (1969) five well-accepted hypotheses suggest that teachers be learning...

Teachers in today’s information society are required to rethink their teaching approaches to accommodate the learning needs of children and adults, either in the traditional...

Educational leadership draws upon interdisciplinary literature, but distinguishes itself through its focus on pedagogy, epistemology, and human development. As a field of study...

This article argues that e-leadership emerged out of technological development among all other major developments in our society. In the virtual environment, leaders are required...

This article critically reviews what constitutes a learning organization. The author argues that a learning organization is born out of a static organization. In determining...

This article intends to illustrate that there exist gaps between leadership theory and practice. Well-reasoned theories run through the pages of books; they are hardly applied to...

This article addresses the traditional instructional leadership (characterized with Tyler’s four questions; teachers prescribe a curriculum; learners assume a submissive role of...

In the current economic climate and global workplace, adult learning routinely comes to the forefront as individuals, companies, and industries strive to adapt at the pace of...

This chapter argues that E-leadership emerged out of technological development among all other major developments in society. In the virtual environment, leaders are required to...

The authors seek to illustrate that gaps exist between leadership theory and practice. Well-reasoned theories are disseminated in various academic venues; however, they are...

This study investigated the general instructional modes of adult educators in Southeast China and Northeast China. The study utilized Conti’s (1983, 2004) Principles of Adult...

Developing curriculum(s) requires instructors to take into several factors. These factors can be viewed as critical components of curriculum development for career and technical...

This article addresses the phenomenon of why andragogical instructional approaches should work for online learners in the 21st century. As some senior faculty members and...

This article reports the results of a study designed to determine whether the teachings of Confucius (liberal and behavioral teaching approaches) or Western teaching approaches...

Although Westerners have used over 200 terms to describe self-directed learning (SDL), it is educators in Confucius heritage cultures (CHC) that have successfully promoted and...

Increased interest in and use of theoretical and empirical assessment and evaluation methods have created a need for unique contributions to exisiting literature in the field of...

In this information age, career and technical education (CTE) has become a multibillion dollar training enterprise. To make our students more competitive in the labor force and...

The International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing (IJTEM) presents, analyzes, shares, and collaborates ideas, experiences, research studies, and cases on the...

E-learning has become a major force in adult education on any campus in any country. Since working adults cannot come to campuses for face-to-face meetings, acquiring knowledge...

In an effort to promote the andragogical teaching model in helping adult learners learn online, the author of this chapter has sought to compare and contrast this model with...

Scholars and practitioners all seem to agree that andragogy is not the only perspective and model in the field of adult learning. We no longer think of learning as democratic...

To serve a significant portion of the student population, adult learners, in the academy in the 21st century, this chapter argues that online education (e.g., e-learning) has the...

Teaching and learning anytime anyplace involves integrating technology into teaching and learning. Effective adult education would not occur without integrating technology into...

Education and training programs for adults come in all shapes, sizes, and formats (Caffarella, 2002, p. 2). It is the responsibility of adult learning professions to develop...

As work has become more technical and analytical due to the increased availability of digital information technology, more team-based due to organizational restructuring...

Successful teaching with technology in adult education stems from many factors. Technology is only used to enhance learning. Not only are teachers of adult learners required to...

This article argues that E-leadership emerged out of technological development among all other major developments in our society. In the virtual environment, leaders are required...

This article uses a real case to illustrate that marketing educational programs through technology is affected by one’s philosophies positively or negatively, depending on the...

To serve a significant portion of the student population, adult learners, in the academy in the 21st century, this chapter argues that online education (e.g., e-learning) has the...

This study investigates the andragogical and pedagogical teaching philosophies of online instructors at the California State University, Long Beach in the Spring Semester of...

This article addresses the traditional instructional leadership (characterized with Tyler’s four questions; teachers prescribe a curriculum; learners assume a submissive role of...

Online learning takes place among learners of all ages in both formal and informal contexts. Due to the fact that traditional age students learn differently from non-traditional...

The theory of transformative learning has been explored by different theorists and scholars. However, few scholars have made an attempt to make a comparison between...

The International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology (IJAVET) provides a global look at educational technologies for adult learners in higher education with...

As adult learners and educators pioneer the use of technology in the new century, attention has been focused on developing strategic approaches to effectively integrate adult...

This study investigated the general instructional modes of adult educators in Southeast China and Northeast China. The study utilized Conti’s (1983, 2004) Principles of Adult...

Developing curriculum(s) requires instructors to take into several factors. These factors can be viewed as critical components of curriculum development for career and technical...

Effective teaching with technology in adult education stems from many factors. Technology is only used to enhance learning. Not only are teachers of adult learners required to...

This case shall reveal technology enhanced learning in China in light of technology enhanced learning in the United States of America. As China has depended on radio and TV to...

This article reports the results of a study designed to determine whether the teachings of Confucius (liberal and behavioral teaching approaches) or Western teaching approaches...

This article addresses the phenomenon of why andragogical instructional approaches should work for online learners in the 21st century. As some senior faculty members and...

As career and technical education continues to evolve, technology applications are rapidly becoming vital instruments for instructional training and valuable learning tools for...

A good question human resources development (HRD) and human resources management (HRM) practitioners ask is “why do we explore learning theories?” The simple answer is we want...

With the wide use of computer technology nowadays, organizational management in recent times appears to be more complex than it ever was. Electronic human resources management...

Electronic human resource management (e-HRM) may mean that human resource management must now embrace electronic provisions. The environments that today’s managers work in have...

To determine whether a country is well developed or not, one can look at how much intelligent work people in that country engage in. It is safe to claim a healthy work ethic is...

As organizational management in recent times has become more complex, adding the electronic effect to ameliorate human resource management is welcomed. The importance of making...

To receive accreditation from the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CCTC) is of utmost...

This chapter addresses pertinent issues concerning the development of meaningful curricula for adult learners in career and technical education. Although developing a curriculum...

Teaching is changing and it is being forced to change by many forces of social change. Today’s theory and practice of teaching in adult and higher education are not only shaped...

Effective teaching with technology in adult education stems from many factors. Technology is only used to enhance learning. Not only are teachers of adult learners required to...

Learning does not take place in a vacuum. Learning takes place in any type of environment, including online. The purpose of this article is neither to solely study active...

Today the global education community has become the buzz term in the realm of education and training. Learners in every location around the globe must acquire new skills, be...

Quality in distance education has been researchers’and critics’ major concern. The increase in access to digital and online technologies represents not only convenience...

The father of adult education, Malcolm Knowles (1913-1997), predicted in the 1970s that teaching, especiallythe teaching of adults in the 21st century, would be delivered...

Time and space no longer separate learners from their instructors. The emergence of distance-learning technologies, especially the Internet and networking technologies connect...

As Rhoda (2005) notes, “advances in technology have transformed the way in which the academy offers its curricula” (p. 149). Further, the proliferation of advanced technologies...

Humans have different interpretations of learning theories and different beliefs about how people learn. All these beliefs may come from personal experience, self-reflection...

Mention of transformative learning immediately reminds scholars and learners of its chief proponent, Jack Mezirow, who is Emeritus Professor of Adult and Continuing Education...