Article Preview
Top1. Introduction
Intelligence is the ability to learn, comprehend, understand, and deal with new things, ideas, and phenomena and apply the items according to the need after situational analysis (Thoha & Whiteley, 2018; Bratianu & Vasilache, 2009). It includes higher-level abilities regarding thinking, comprehending, reasoning, problem-solving, visualization of the abstract phenomenon, presenting rational, logic and super logic to find the best suitable, possible, feasible, optimal, viable, and economical way-out for the desirable situations (Al-Hussaini, Turi, Altamimi, & Mohammad Asif Khan, 2019; Turi, Rani, Abidin, Mahmud, & Adresi, 2020). Some authors and researchers define intelligence as the general ability for reasoning and comprehend phenomenon, however, recent literature has decomposed into a specialized cluster, and related chunk and every part perform their specific functions (Jamshid Ali Turi, Khaskhelly, Shaik, & Toheed, 2019; Jamshid Ali Turi, Khaskhelly, Shaik, & Toheed, 2019).
In the old days, there was one type with no elements of intelligence, but with time, new dimensions were added to the intelligence concept and construct to make it clearer and comprehendible (Turi, Mahmud, Toheed, & Sorooshian, 2019; Thoha & Whiteley, 2018). It was known as a big G (G for General intelligence); however, now researchers claim that general intelligence has nine (9), or eleven (11), and some have twelve (12) elements and or dimensions, where every element perform their specialized functions (Al-Hussaini, Turi, Altamimi, & Mohammad Asif Khan, 2019; Turi, Ghani, & Shahryar Sorooshian, 2018). If we take this specialized processing in one integrated whole, as one part, then the understanding of the processing mechanism of mental processes becomes complex (Turi, Rani, Abidin, Mahmud, & Adresi, 2020). Therefore, according to recent research, intelligence should not be taken as linear, as it gets multiple inputs from multiple sources, and in the same way, multiple outputs come out after processing (Turi, Sorooshian, & Javed, 2019). Besides this, multiple internal and external stimuli’ affect the processing processes. Moreover, social, emotional, psychological factors take part in the cognitive (information) processing (Jamshid Ali Turi, Khaskhelly, Shaik, & Toheed, 2019). The same phenomenon can be traced in the numerical sciences; in which they proclaim that the changes in output are not proportional to change in input. Because intuitions, values, creativity, imagination, flexibility, insight, and emotions play around, therefore, it becomes unpredictable to get the expected results out of certain inputs, due to implications and manipulations of the multiple intelligences (Turi, Adresi, Darun, & Mahmud, 2020). Consequently, the construct of nonlinear intelligence emerged, which got the attention of researchers and practitioners. According to the findings of the recent research, multinational organizations are investing hundreds of billions to assess and fully utilize non-linear skills and potentials of the knowledge workers flexibly for higher productivity with effectiveness and efficiency (Turi, Adresi, Darun, & Mahmud, 2020; Turi, Sorooshain, Balakrishnan, & Ahmad, 2018; Majora, Johnsona, & Deary, 2019).
Rigid and closed rules and principles may develop constraints and bottlenecks. Therefore, learning organizations are coming towards a flexible management system (Liu, 2021). According to psychology, the human mind and body can produce more, when they are prompted in a relaxed, flexible, and supportive environment (Majora, Johnsona, & Deary, 2019; Turi, Adresi, Darun, & Mahmud, 2020). Therefore, the world coming back to a decentralized, project-based, and open management system, to meet the customers’ and stakeholders’ needs and expectations in a well-planned manner (Liu, et al., 2021; Turi, Sorooshian, & Javed, 2019; Turi, Ghani, & Shahryar Sorooshian, 2018).