A Fast and Effective Watermarking Method for Medical Data security

Non-Blind Watermarking Methods

A non-blind watermarking method requires access to the original image to extract the embedded watermark. While most non-blind watermarking methods are not practicable in e-health applications, they however, offer low execution times for embedding/extracting processes. Researchers (Ustubioglu et al., 2017), proposed a non-blind watermarking technique for medical images using Modified Difference Expansion (MDE) and Least Significant Bits (LSB) techniques. The proposed method decomposes the original image into two areas: center area and border area. The watermark bits are embedded in the first area using MDE and LSB method, and then the location map and its hash value are embedded in the second area. This method offers good imperceptibility. However, the watermark is embedded in Region of Non-Interest (RONI) at the sender side where an attacker could add his own RONI and the wrong watermark is extracted at the receiver side. Thus, it is necessary to do more efficient research work to handle this kind of threat.