A Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm for the Green Vehicle Routing Problem in the Dynamic Environment

Freight Transportation

Road transportation is very important for the economic development, but it is also harmful to the environment and human health because of the pollution, accidents, noise, resource consumption, land use deterioration, and climate change risk (Kovacs et al., 2015). On the environmental level, it is one of the hugest consumers of petroleum products and hence a prime creator of the existing harmful particles, including greenhouse gases and CO₂ as the most prevalent of them, in the air. Nevertheless, a significant portion of freight transportation is carried out by trucks, which emit a large amount of pollutants. For that, the global communities have been activated under the umbrella of the “Green Transportation” or the “Sustainable Transport” paradigm, to reduce these emissions has been realized.