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The information-sharing through forms and documents on the web started in the 1990s that could be understood only by human beings. Computers till recently were called dumb machines because that could process the data in some manner rapidly, however, it could not understand the contents of the documents on the web. The latest version of web technology is called Semantic Web or Web 3.0, which can understand the web content and accordingly, processed by the machines. Earlier to this, Web was called the “Web of documents” and now it is termed as “web of data”; a kind of significant makeover achieved, and paralleled intelligence built into it. Therefore it is an extension of current Web.
Reasons for the development of the Semantic Web may be several. Automating the searches through virtual agents is the need of the hour, for example, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, iPhone's Siri. Curating the contents (Personalization) of the web by agents is been introduced. Since the Web contains enormous amounts of data, and highly difficult to track them everything. Good-old search engines fail to retrieve accurate information from the web. Semantic Web search engines are smart enough to retrieve needed information. Reuse of data on web was tough earlier, now the new version discovers and links every relevant data from different sources, and creates a data map of relation so that the existing data can be utilized in a much meaningful way. Isolated databases can now be used and a piece of new knowledge can be discovered(Padmanabhan, 2020).
The aim to build the semantic web is to provide a system that facilitates with machine-understandable web data, metadata, and other information objects. To achieve this, newest buzzword technologies namely, AI, NLP, Natural Language Understanding have become part of semantic Web technologies(Trending-topics, 2018).
This paper presents details in different parts pertaining to Web 3.0 Architecture, Current Web Status, Semantic Web Challenges, Need for Semantic Web, Semantic Web and Online Education, and Applications of Semantic Web Steganography.
Status of Current web
As per (Technology, 2020), more than 2.5 Quintillion (Approximately, 2273736 TB), bytes of data,has been generated every day.By 2025, it’s projected that 463 Exabyte of data will be produced each day globally (Forum, 2019) – that’s the equal to212,765,957 high volume CD’s per day!
The ratio of Active and inactive websites are 15:85%(Huss, 2020), that means, out of all websites very little websites are active. The graph and the table in Figure 1 illustrate the present status of the web.
Figure 1.
As on 2019 the total number of websites and active websites