An Empirical Study for Method-Level Refactoring Prediction by Ensemble Technique and SMOTE to Improve Its Efficiency

2. Related Work

Dirty codes are the outcomes of imperfect and inexperienced coding. It occurs due to different factors like time frames, mismanagement, and unclean shortcuts during the lifecycle of the software development process. The other causes of dirty code are lack of testing, documentation issues, lack of understanding, communication issues, lack of teamwork, monitoring issues, workload, and late refactoring. Sometimes heavy workload of the developer often leads to bad coding, which finishes the project by duplicating the code from other sources. Lack of understanding and testing of the technical debt also leads to dirty coding. Teamwork plays a key role in the software development life cycle. Lack of collaboration and communication are also the cause of these issues. Most of the projects are needed to be completed in the stipulated amount of time. As a result, most of the critical features are unable to be built by the software developer. Change in the part of the project also had an adverse effect on the whole project leading to nasty coding. After developing a project, refactoring or re-engineering plays a vital role in developing perfect code. So the above factors are the causes of dirty code, which leads to code smell.