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Top1. Introduction
A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of a vast quantity of sensors communicating across small distances to achieve a predefined job. The rise of very dense, power constrained, cost-effective and tiny wireless communication sensors have made it possible to spread use of WSNs in a variety of applications. The applications are not limited to sensing, recognizing, and tracking critical information from chemical plants, living plants, nuclear power stations, home automation, health monitoring, Medical Image Fusion and asset tracking system, etc. (Bhateja et al., 2015; Cinque et al., 2012; Kumar and Nagarajan, 2013; Nizar Banu and Andrews, 2015; Pantazis et al., 2013; Yessad et al., 2014). In most of the situations, these sensors are distributed and deployed in hostile environments where the topography, environmental and additional restrictions may obstruct in the placement of wired/conventional networks. Energy efficiency is the utmost significant concern for WSNs as sensor nodes have inadequate batteries. Foremost important design step in any WSN application is to maximize coverage range of embattled province and network life (Pantazis et al., 2013; Sara and Sridharan, 2014; Yessad et al., 2014).
In many applications, the investigators have presumed that the sensor nodes are immobile and identical. To lengthen the lifetime of the network and to increase consistency, the authors have thought wireless sensor networks of mobile and diverse nodes known as MWSN. Here, mobility means the ability of a sensor node to move liberally to a target region deprived of the need for any unusual arrangement. A mobility of the sensor nodes could be either due to environmental conditions (marine or wind) or due to some transportation means (vehicles, animal, robots). Sometimes the sensor nodes can have self-propelling property (sensor nodes mounted on spring, wheels). Due to movement, the routing process in MWSN has turn out to be more complex as connections in the network can change apathetically. Introducing Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) has particular advantageous (Sara and Sridharan, 2014)
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MWSN has a dynamic topology that is the requirement of many routing and MAC layer protocol for different applications.
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Routing protocols for MWSNs will not require load balancing.
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Due to hardware failure or energy depletion, WSNs might be partitioned into disjoint sets. Mobile nodes can better control such scarce and disengaged networks.
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A mobility of nodes can reduce energy consumption during communication. Hence, a lifetime of WSNs can be improved using moveable sensor nodes.
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As per the need of the application, desired density of the nodes can be maintained to condense energy holes in the system.
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Node mobility reduces the number of hops on data routes. Shorter data routes lead to increase in throughput and reliability together with decreased energy consumption.