Analysis of Low-Carbon, Energy-Saving, and Emission Reduction Models Based on Rail Transit

Literature Review

At this stage, the developers of energy-saving and emission reduction assessment models for urban rail transit with a wide range of applications at home and abroad have adopted similar modeling ideas; that is, these developers are establishing urban transportation system scenarios with or without rails, comparing rail transit and rail transit alternative transportation modes, finding the difference in emissions between the two, and then drawing the conclusion of rail transit energy saving and emission reduction (Poulsen et al., 2023). Therefore, the key to the energy-saving and emission reduction assessment model of urban rail transit lies in two points (Cobanoglu et al., 2023): One is how to determine the alternative transportation mode of rail transit, and the other is how to compare the emission differences between different modes of transportation (Aggoune-Mtalaa & Laib, 2023). Wang, P. et al.(2023) believe that the essential reason for the energy saving and emission reduction of urban rail is that the large-capacity passenger transportation tool has natural environmental advantages, effectively reducing the per capita emission intensity to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction (Hirsch et al., 2023). Therefore, early urban rail transit energy-saving and emission reduction models often draw conclusions only by comparing the emission differences of different modes of transportation (Vasiutina et al., 2023) . For example, Wang, Y. et al. (2023)compared the per capita CO₂ emission factors of transportation vehicles, such as buses, subways, and private cars. The results show that the unit emission factor of a car is about three times that of a bus and four times that of an urban rail transit (Hussain et al., 2023).