Blockchain-Based Reliable Framework for Land Registration Information System

Introduction

In digital technology era (Grublješič et al., 2019), blockchain and its applications are gaining more attention due to a lot of application for disruptive development (Ali et al., 2018; Banerjee et al., 2018; Jiang et al., 2018; Fernández-Caramés & Fraga-Lamas, 2018; Makhdoom et al., 2019; Rejeb, 2018; Yang et al., 2019). Digitization of land records are also achieving more proliferation due to government initiatives for maintaining transparency and tamper proofing of digital records of different geographical land (Abhishek, 2019; Eder, 2019). In the traditional land record management, government has had no any kind of disruptive development of technology for updating land records.

A blockchain is a continually expansible chain of blocks which are connected through cryptography. Each block typically contains a reference to the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. One of the most popular blockchain applications is the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Due to the fact that the transaction data on all applications are visible for everyone, verification without third parties possible within the networks. For securing the databases (Asharaf & Adarsh, 2017; Guo, 2019), it uses protected cryptography mechanism.

Land Records may be characterized as a common manifestation (Kumar et al., 2019) that can comprise records like registered sale deeds, the record of rights (document with details of the property), property tax receipts, property maps, harvest review register, mutation register (i.e., dakhil kharij) and government survey documents in India. A geographic information system (GIS) for cadastral can show many associated attributes such as land types, its range, shape, and monetary data identified with the water system. Land titling is a type of land change wherein people and/or descendants are given conventional property authority for land that they have recently involved casually or utilized based on conventional possession of the land (Namasudra & Roy, 2018; Kaczorowska, 2019).

In August 2008, the Government of India (GoI) launched the National Land Record Modernization Program (NLRMP) with the expectation to build up a cutting edge, a transparent and vast land records management system that guarantees confident, definitive land titling of the invariable properties. In the year 2014, this program was later patched up and represented as a digital India land records modernization program (DILRMP) to set up an advanced, effective and develop a centralized land record management system in the nation. This postulate updated land records, automated mutation, to change the present deeds registration and devised title framework with title ensure (Lemieux, 2017; Thakur et al. 2020).