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According to WHO, burnout syndrome is considered to be a syndrome caused by chronic stress at the workplace, that has not been treated successfully. Three aspects characterize it: a) feeling of exhaustion or exhaustion, b) increased mental dissociation from one's job or feelings of negativity or cynicism associated with one's job, c) impaired job efficiency (WHO, 2019).
The meaning of job burnout is a phenomenon that appeared last decades, with significant effects on people, society, economy, and production progress. The issue appeared in the bibliography in the 1970s, and the distinctive symptoms that come out of physical and mental burnout are described primarily in people working in the field of health care. There is considerable interest to date as long as detailed bibliography that includes different groups of employees (Yang, & Fry, 2018; Bridgeman PJ, Bridgeman MB, & Barone, 2018).
Burnout is more common among health care professionals than other employees. Several scientific studies support that health care professionals exhibit high-stress proportions and are prone to occupational burnout syndrome (Bellali et al., 2007). Doctors of the national health system are the pillars of a public health system, and the burnout syndrome's incidence has a significant impact on the regular function of a health system. The main reason is the level of interaction between health care professionals and patients. These professionals come in consistent contact with people suffering from a disease, so this continual interaction leads to chronic stress and burnout syndrome, especially in respect of doctors with first-line internships (internists, intensive-care specialists, etc.) (Shanafelt et al., 2012; Lamothe, Boujut, Zenasni, & Sultan, 2014).
Factors associated with occupational burnout maybe work (economic reasons, workload, exhausting shifts, daily dealing with death, lack of staff, bossiness and rigidness of administration, professional relationships) (Dimitropoulos & Filippou, 2008), individual (stress management, personal expectations, incentives) or social (family responsibilities). Long-lasting exposure of the doctors to poor working conditions leads to physical fatigue and eventually, to their burnout. The burnout they feel has adverse effects on both physical and mental health, leading to behavior disorders at the workplace as in personal and family life. These result to developing physical symptoms (insomnia, headache, musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, coronary heart disease, metabolic disorders) (Salvagioni et al., 2017), mental symptoms (lack of interest, apathy, negative mood, development of cynism, lack of emotional control, emotional burnout, alienation, depersonalization) (López-López, 2019) and behavioral symptoms (impaired efficacy and occupational satisfaction, communication disorders with the rest staff, feeling of resignation, increase in days off, drug abuse) (Suñer-Soler et al., 2014; Dyrbye et al., 2019).
Furthermore, it seems that there is an association between the internship and burnout syndrome. Different internships have a different frequency, because of each one's different special features, such as workplace, workload, number of cases, the significance of morbidity, etc. According to international bibliography, doctors with internships associated with the first-line treatment of emergency cases, run a higher risk of burnout syndrome (Shanafelt et al., 2012). In particular, studies report that doctors working at emergency departments are observed to have more severe occupation burnout (Kansoun, 2019).