Business Intelligence–Hybrid Metaheuristics Techniques

2. Literature Review:

In a 1958 article, IBM researcher Hans Peter Luhn (Gartner, n.d.) used the term business intelligence. He defined intelligence as: “the ability to apprehend the interrelationships of presented facts in such a way as to guide action towards a desired goal.” Business intelligence as it is understood today is said to have evolved from the decision support systems which began in the 1960s and developed throughout the mid-80s. Decision Support System (DSS) originated in the computer-aided models created to assist with decision making and planning. From DSS, data warehouses, Executive Information Systems, OLAP and business intelligence came into focus beginning in the late 80s.

In 1989 Howard Dresner (Bavis, 1987) (later a Gartner Group analyst) proposed “business intelligence” as an umbrella term to describe “concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based support systems.” A 2009 Gartner paper predicted (Gartner, n.d.) these developments in the business intelligence market that because of lack of information, processes, and tools, through 2012, more than 35 percent of the top 5,000 global companies will regularly fail to make insightful decisions about significant changes in their business and markets By 2012, business units will control at least 40 percent of the total budget for business intelligence.