Co-Creation Among Small Scale Tourism Firm: Role of Information Communication and Technology in Productivity and Sustainability

2. Literature Review

Critical Success Factor (CSF) is highly preferred approach used in business planning and partnership management (Ab Talib & Abdul Hamid 2014; Cakar, 2018; Engelbrecht, Kruger, & Saayman, 2014; Eusébio, & do Rosário, 2018; Hanafiah & Zulkifly, 2019; Jusoh et al., 2018; Law,Qi & Buhalis, 2010; Lundberg & Fredman, 2012; Lucchetti & Font, 2013; Kozak, Rita, & Bigné., 2018; Ramos, Santos, & Almeida, 2018; Vonder & Cochrane, 2012). As a strategic tool, CSF determines the sustainable performance of a firm across all functional areas (including, Human Resource, Finance Management, Supplier Relationship Management, etc). The prominent factors determined under management area could be organization commitment, ICT readiness, Technological mindset, and co-innovation, Education / Training. In other words, ICT has significant role in enabling the business process for competitive advantage and co-creation (Chala, Bermudez & Molano, 2018; Cimbaljević, Stankov, & Pavluković, 2018; del Vecchio, Secundo, & Passiante, 2018; Jovicic, 2019; Kono, 2018; Mandić & Praničević, 2019). Since micro, small firms always struggled with a lack of resources, co-innovation may increase the collective productivity among partners. Although, in recent academic research, very little literature support co-innovation, as Critical Success factor for small firms (especially in service industry e.g. Tourism) (Liu & Cheng, 2018; Marasco et al., 2018; Magadán, & Rivas, 2018; Sarmah, Kamboj, & Kandampully, 2018).