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(Al-Omari, 2006) provided a comprehensive analysis of e-government in Jordan, explaining its architecture, main concepts, objectives, most common applications, famous worldwide experiences and status in Jordan. His study presented the experiences of countries like USA, the UK, Singapore, UAE and Egypt and proposed a simplified model for some Jordanian E-Government Portal Online Services (Al-Omari, 2006). (Mohammad et al., 2009) reviewed e-government concepts in information society, especially focusing on the e-government project in Jordan. They also viewed some of strategic and technical challenges and risk factors affecting the development of electronic government and gave some suggestions to overwhelm consequences of these difficulties (Mohammad et al., 2009).
(Shannak, 2013) studied the difficulties and possibilities of e-government in Jordan by exploring the realities of e-government as experienced in the country, examining the challenges and complexities of its implementation in the context of Jordanian society. (Al-Khanjari et al., 2014) proposed a low-level e-Government architecture based on service oriented architecture (SOA), which achieved seamless e-government interoperability. (El Benany et al., 2015) suggested an architectural framework for interoperability and data integration in Morocco based on SOA, in which they used enterprise paradigm to attract more citizens to use the platform.
(Al-Khanjari et al., 2014) proposed a Census Web Service, a web application that interacts with other web applications based on the SOA across various e-government applications to share citizens’ data. It consists of three layers: web service provider, service broker and web service consumers. Table 1 summarizes work related to implementing e-government architectures, showing e-government service types, architectural styles, and quality attributes.