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Top1. Introduction
In the past two decades, Renewable Energy (RES), such as wind and photovoltaic, is considered the key to solve the increasingly severe energy crisis and environmental problems. Therefore, microgrid that is integrated with distributed energy resources, loads, energy storages and other units attracts the extensive attention. Microgrid improves the reliability of the distributed generation system, and realizes the integrated operation of the distributed generation, and loads (Bie, Li &Wang, 2011). It reduces the pollution emission of the electrical power system and has become an important part of the smart grid construction.
Due to the Intermittent and volatility of distributed renewable energy, the forecast of renewable energy power generation is necessary. According to the historical trend and meteorological data, we use physical simulation and scientific statistical methods to forecast the renewable energy generation. However, because of the limitations of existing methods, the current prediction accuracy is quite low. In wind power generation, for example, one hour of the prediction error up to 10%(Dongliang et al., 2012). Conti, Nicolosi, Rizzo and Zeineldin (2012) present a real -time microgrid scheduling strategy. Although the short-term power prediction error is small, they ignore the coordination of distributed generation units and energy storage equipment in a long-time operation. Palma-Behnke et al. (2013) propose a multi-period micro-grid economic scheduling, in which power prediction error increases with time, leading to scheduling plans deviate from the actual situation.
At the same time, with the introduction of energy storage devices and the diversity of load control (Jagatheesan et al., 2016), the energy management of microgrid is faced with more problems and challenges. In order to solve the complex optimization problems and improve the economy, a lot of researches have focused on the improvement of the optimization algorithm and the development of a reasonable modeling framework (Mhetre, Deshpande & Mahalle, 2016). network-aware energy conservation scheduling DENS algorithm applied in cloud data center is put forward to realize the full utilization of all kinds of resources in the cloud data center (Zhang, Qi and Deng, 2017). Liao (2012) presents a new modeling method and scheduling strategy, and verify the accuracy and validity of the mathematical model by genetic algorithm. Different heuristic methods are proposed in the hybrid energy storage microgrid control (Zhou & Francois, 2011). Jagatheesan, Anand, Dey, Omar and Balas (2016) consider different cost functions and ant colony optimization technique-based pid controller to achieve high quality of power supply. However, these schemes cannot solve the errors brought by uncertain factors such as intermittent renewable energy generation and load forecasting in microgrid systems.
Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a kind of computer control algorithm which is put forward in the background of industrial demand. It mainly includes three core parts: prediction model, rolling optimization and feedback correction. MPC is a multivariable controller with the following advantages:1) it has less requirements on the model of the controlled object, only focus on its forecasting function. 2) it has good dynamic control performance by using rolling optimization. 3) it can effectively deal with system constraints, handle multi-variable system and realize Multi-objective optimization. The MPC is usually proposed to solve the unit commitment problem of wind turbines (Meibom et al., 2011) and applied to power system dispatching. A new control strategy is proposed (Zeng, Wu, Zhang, Liang & Zhang, 2014), which combines the MPC and the hierarchical optimization, to promote the integration of renewable energy by the energy storage systems. The control strategy is divided into the day-ahead scheduling and real-time scheduling to complete their respective objective. Gulin, Matuško and Vašak (2015) investigate a stochastic model predictive control for the closed-loop power management by using chance constraints in the microgrid. Jiang, Liu and Wang (2014) set up a mixed logical dynamical model by analyzing the hybrid property of Microgrid in detail. Therefore, MPC owns important theoretical significance and practical application value for the coordinative optimization control of microgrid.