Demonstration of Structural Topic Modeling on Charter School Closures in 2019: Quantitative Text Analysis With Machine Learning

Demonstration of Structural Topic Modeling on Charter School Closures in 2019: Quantitative Text Analysis With Machine Learning

Lifei Huang
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 16
DOI: 10.4018/IJISSC.303606
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Abstract

While evidence often exists in local newspapers, Facebook pages, and on other platforms, a lack of centralization means that researchers looking to determine the causes of school closure suffer from the unenviable task of manually hunting for data. Worse still, once they collect the texts, researchers need to sift through them to determine the underlining causes for closure. This sifting leads to a variety of issues related to human error. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of using a Structural Topic Model (STM) to automate this last step, reduce human bias, and save time. Topic Modeling is a machine learning technique that builds on a base of artificial intelligence research that seeks to automate complex meta-cognitive tasks. This method is new to the education space, but the paper aims at demonstrating the potential uses by leveraging closure data for the 2018-19 school year. After testing this method on the 2018-19 school year, the researcher determined that the top two reasons for charter school closure at the end of 2019 were financial fraud and low academic performance.
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Background

The Increase of Charter Schools

Across the United States of America, approximately three hundred new charter schools opened their doors in the 2018-19 school year. As this was prior to the onset of Covid-19, it is unlikely that this global pandemic was a leading factor. By comparison, the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (2022) reveals that in 2018-19 there were 474 schools and campuses opened, the most in half a decade. Every year, there are charter schools that close their doors to students. However, at the same time, a considerable number of new charter schools open their doors to provide quality education in various communities. The charter sector has grown every year since their inception. What makes this most intriguing is the fact that the overall public sector has continued to decline in recent years with many students opting for homeschool or private schools. A variety of other school choice programs such as educational savings accounts (ESA) and vouchers have reduced the overall public sector. With charter schools growing within the public sector, many districts are growing increasingly hostile to their presence. This hostility is especially relevant given that a plurality of charter schools is authorized by the local school district.

Figure 1.

Total Charter Schools and Campuses; Source: The National Alliance for Public Charter Schools “The Data Dashboard”

IJISSC.303606.f01

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