Deontic Logic Based Ontology Alignment Technique for E-Learning

1.1. Need for Semantics

Automatic exchanging and reusing of data or information in the universal medium for information exchange (WWW) is very limited due to two main reasons namely the heterogeneity problem prevailing in the information resources and the non-semantic nature of HTML and URL. Information heterogeneity occurs in syntax, structure and semantics. Though enhanced techniques are developed to solve syntactic and structural heterogeneity problems (Giunchiglia, Yatskevich, & Shvaiko, 2007), the problem of semantic heterogeneity is still prevailing to be a great challenge. When two contexts do not share the same interpretation of information, semantic heterogeneity occurs. Several approaches were proposed in the past (Doan et al., 2003) to solve semantic heterogeneity problems like synonym sets, concept lattices, features and constraints. However, all these existing approaches could solve this problem only partially.