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Top1. Introduction
Every day, a great quantity of data is created on the SM platform, Many SM platforms are available such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp (Zafar & Chitnis, 2020). Facebook and Twitter are known to be the most crowded, and they are used as a common forum for communicating with friends and exchanging ideas, photos, and videos (Islam et al., 2018).
Since SM reflects the personality life by posting and tweets, much research used this in a useful place to detect any disease because the traditional methods are expensive and take a lot of time in some diseases (Li et al., 2020).
There are many diseases that researchers have been able to detect using machine learning (ML) techniques and natural language processing (NLP) by examining words and symptoms, such as headaches, influenza, insomnia, obesity, dental problems, seasonal allergies, and psychiatric disorders (Dredze, 2012), like these days by using SM researchers can detect how many people suffer from COVID-19.
A psychiatric disorder is a mental health problem that drastically affects your mind, temperament, and behaviours and greatly increases your risk of harm, suffering, death, or loss of independence (Salters-Pedneault, 2020). Furthermore, to respond to an upsetting incident, such as a typical depression after the death of a loved one, the feelings must be more serious than usual. There are many psychological conditions such as depression, personality disorders, nervous disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addiction habits (Salters-Pedneault, 2020).
Depression affects more than 264 million people of all ages throughout the world, according to the World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2020). It can strike at any time in a person's life, regardless of gender, race, or economic status.
Depression is a common and hazardous medical condition that affects a person's feelings, thoughts, and behaviours (Zafar & Chitnis, 2020). There are several forms of depressive illnesses, each with its own set of symptoms and treatment timeframes. It is not a condition that cannot be cured; rather, it is an issue that has taken several weeks to fully recover from.
There are various types of depression some of it are (Fulghum Bruce, 2021):
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Major depressive disorders (MDD): This means that the patient suffers from depression most of the time most days of the week, and five symptoms for at least two weeks.
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Persistent depressive disorders: This means that the patient suffers from depression for two years or more.
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Bipolar depression: Knows also as manic depression which means that life is split between two different realities elation and depression.
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Seasonal affective disorders: Means which a period of severe depression that often occurs during the winter months when the days get shorter, the sunlight decreases, and it usually fades in the summer or spring.
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Atypical depression: It is a subtype of major depression which People who suffer from this type of depression will be young in their early teens and are distinguished from major depression by mood reactivity.
Symptoms through which we diagnose that if a person has at least five of them, he/she suffers from depression. The symptoms of depression are changes in normal sleeping patterns, random outbursts of tears or anger, frequent thoughts of death or suicide, intense feelings of despair and/or sadness, loss of interest in enjoyable activities, extreme tiredness or lack of energy, appetite increase or decrease, and trouble focusing and/or concentrating (Zafar & Chitnis, 2020).
Several measures for estimating signs of depression in individuals have been proposed in the form of questionnaires, such as the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), Beck's depression scale (BDI), Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS), and Hamilton's depression rating scale (HDRS) (Tsugawa et al., 2015).