Design of a Field Programmable Gate Array for Swarm Intelligent Controller Based on a Portable Robotic System: Review Study

2.1. Field Programmed Gate Array (FPGA)

FPGA is an integrated circuit which could be programmed by a designer or a customer after industrialization. FPGA programming generally is defined by hardware description language (HDL). Circuit diagrams have previously been used to define configuration, but this is limited because of the emergence of electronic design automation tools. Methodology of design has faced several changes over the past decades. However, utilization of FPGA and VHDL for digital logic implementation has become prevalent in the past decade (Zhang, 2010).

First FPGA presented at 1985 consists of 2,000 gates. The gate concentration increased to tens millions of gates from that period. During the increased concentration of FPGAs diversified device resources have turn into a standard merit of contemporaneous FPGA based devices. FPGA usage is still in the embedded systems in the evolution stage (Dubey, 2009). Many hardware resources provided by FPGAs Such as RAM, clock management modules, digital signal processing, embedded processors, and others that can achieve hardware solutions with low operating frequency.