Development of Energy Efficient and Optimized Coverage Area Network Configuration to Achieve Reliable WSN Network Using Meta-Heuristic Approaches

1. Introduction

The wireless sensor network can be defined as a distributed network system of various embedded sensor nodes and usually a single sink node over a monitoring region (Akyildiz et al. 2002). Sink node works as supervisor to all dominating sensor nodes. Each node is consisting of communication, processing and data storage unit as well as a power storage system. Sensor node having the capability to process a limited amount of data with the help of a tiny processor and it has the capability to transmit and receive a limited amount of data to neighbouring nodes or sink node. It also consists of a limited amount of data storage and independent battery storage to make the node alive. Sink node works as a supervisory node and transmit data to dominant nodes and also receive data from them. Now depending upon the purpose those sensor nodes read data through tiny sensors from the environment and those data after processing by a tiny processor of sensor nodes transmitted to the sink node. The sink node analyses those data and controls those sensor nodes by propagating instructions. This network system works through a multi-hop communication system (El-Hoiydi and Decotignie 2004). Nowadays this type of network is being used in a modern army, environmental monitoring, battlefield monitoring, body area network, intelligent household etc.

In this paper, we are interested in Energy optimization and coverage area optimization of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and if we can optimize energy as well as coverage area in WSN then we can achieve Reliability optimization in the field of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). As we know, Reliability optimization in the field of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is directly attached to the performance and efficiency and consistency of the network, we have configured an optimized route/path using ACO algorithm and deployed many WSN nodes and after that the coverage area of that network is maximized using DE-QPSO algorithms.

Efficient data transmission or data routing is a challenging task due to a huge number of use of sensors and their haphazard arrangement without any planning. In our approach, we have deployed the sensor nodes after well-organized planning for the arrangement of WSN nodes so that efficient data transmission can be achieved. Generally, many sensor nodes are deployed in the supervising area to form a robust wireless network. Now the proper use of those sensors may give a better route so that the energy required to transmit and receive a signal during the data transmission can be minimized. In case of sensor deployment to develop a WSN we generally select/choose an area to deploy the sensors participating in the network and in our approach, the entire area has been divided into so many uniform hexagonal cells. Each cell consists of so many sensor nodes. The sink node acts as an access point of the server node. The main aim of routing is to transfer information from one node of a particular cell to another node of an adjacent cell so that, the total power consumption or cost for that particular route is minimized.