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At a diabetes mellitus are not controlled: damage of bodies and disturbance of the immune system. Problems with legs at people with diabetes usually quickly develop and can become serious. With damage of nervous system of people with diabetes can be not able to feel the legs properly. At the same time healthy, normal, secretion of sweat and skin fat, greasing foot skin, is broken. These factors can lead together to the abnormal pressure upon skin, bones and joints of foot during walking and to foot skin breakdown (Figure 1). Ulcers including SDS can develop.
Damage of blood vessels and weakening of the immune system by diabetes, complicate treatment of these wounds. There can be bacterial infections of leather, connecting fabrics, muscles and bones. These infections can develop in gangrene (the necrosis of some bodies and fabrics of a live organism, black or very dark color developing directly or via the anatomic channels connected with external environment on skin in lungs, intestines, etc. Dark color is caused by the iron sulfide which is formed of iron and hemoglobin with hydrogen sulfide). Because of a bad blood-groove antibiotics cannot easily get to the area of an infection. Often the only remedy for gangrene is amputation of foot or all leg. If the infection extends in blood, this process can be very life-threatening. People with a diabetes mellitus have to be completely informed on how to prevent problems with legs before their emergence, to find problems at an early stage and, at their emergence, to look for the correct treatment.
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Though in treatment of diabetic foot big progress, nevertheless prevention, including accurate control of level of sugar in blood is around the world observed, remains the best way for prevention of diabetic complications. It is necessary to learn to analyze own legs and to be able to distinguish precursory symptoms and symptoms of diabetic foot, to learn what is reasonable for care of house legs how to distinguish a disease and the moment when the problem became rather serious when it is necessary to call the doctor. Reasons of diabetic foot- Injury of nerves. People with old or badly controlled diabetes are subject to risk of injury of nerves of legs. The medical term for such cases – “a peripheral neuropathy”. Because of injury of nerves of legs the patient can normally be not able to feel the legs. Besides, he can be not able to define position of legs and toes when walking and balancing. The person with normal nerves, as a rule, feels when his footwear rubs legs or when during walking one part of foot becomes intense (Alexander, et al, 2013). The person with SD cannot feel properly insignificant injuries (for example, cuts, scratches, blisters), signs of abnormal wear of foot (which turn into callosities and natoptysh). As a rule, usually people can feel a stone in the footwear that immediately to remove it. The person who suffers from SD can not perceive a stone.