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The evolution of information and communication technologies (ICT) has become a fundamental part of the development in the financial sectors, creating ample opportunity for retail banks to further improve e-service quality towards both existing and future customers. As a result, several banking institutions have implemented various information technology (IT) enabled projects to develop financial modernizations (Jun & Cai, 2001, Oruç & Tatar, 2017; Chernikova et al., 2015; Reydet and Carsana, 2017) in their respective institutions; i.e. online retail banking. There are several advantages of using online retail banking; i.e. customers get the advantage of the convenience, availability, and the speed from the online banking services. Consequently, banks also gain the advantage by managing operating cost in low by offering the service through various online applications (Xue et al., 2011, Adapa & Roy, 2017).
As pointed out by authors Jabnoun and Al-Tamimi (2003), superior transaction efficiency is achieved by reducing physical facilities and reducing the number of employee (in support of online service delivery), however, it may create a lack of interaction between provider and customers; thus adversely influencing customer's perception. To reduce additional fees or the tension felt by customers while dealing with human interaction, banks nowadays offer online services. This endeavour relieves customer's concerns by providing various online services which are efficient in generating ongoing loyalty and customer's patronage intention of target customers (Adapa & Roy, 2017). Researchers agree that due to the rise and success of online retail banking investigation should not only be concentrated on stakeholders but to customers and the policymakers alike (Dada, 2017; Al-dweeri et al., 2017; Yap et al., Pikkarainen et al., 2004; Sathye, 1999, Devlin, 1995).
The utilization and adoption of online retail banking have also been the focus of current researches. Research on internet banking and causal connections of different variables towards the patronage intention are being investigated and suggested in various experimental models based literature (Reydet&Carsana, 2016; Lee, 2009; Martins et al., 2014; Liébana-Cabanillas, 2016). Despite the importance of technology adoption in retail banking services, there are gaps in literature on the systematic approach of adaption of advanced technology of a least developing country such as Bangladesh has not been investigated (Siddiqi, 2011; Muyeed, 2012).
The limited literature may be due to the competitive nature of the banking industry services in Bangladesh itself. The report of International Finance Corporation - IFC (2009) revealed that the segment entails of four state-owned banks, five government regulated specialized banks, thirty domestic private commercial Banks, nine foreign-commercial banks, and twenty-nine non-bank financial institutions (NBFI). Furthermore, among the 48 banks operated in 2006, a total 6,562 branches are operating in the country (Bangladesh Bank, 2006). In fact, one of the most prominent sectors in Bangladesh is reported to be the retail banking industry (Siddiqi, 2011). Therefore, exploration of the inter-relationships among the constructs such as e-service quality, customer's trust, adoption of new technology and customer's patronage intention may help to improve the sector. For example, research on the above constructs may help managers to improve upon existing services and gain a distinct advantage in their respective retail banks (Andaleeb et.al., 2016).