E-Waste Recycling System in Closed Loop Supply Chain

1. Introduction

Electrical and electronic wastes mass increase with technology growth (Menad et al., 2013). Valuable materials in recycled wastes cause to create inverse logistic network for waste recycling (Bing et al., 2016). While electrical and electronic equipment wastes recycling system is well designed, the recovery of second hand resources are facilitated and also management and disposal of dangerous metals are guaranteed (Baxter et al., 2016; Kaya, 2016). A WEEE recycling system is started when a device is collected and dissembled and finally be recovered or disposed (Unger et al., 2017). Many researches about WEEE¹ recycling indicate importance of raw material environmental issues (Navazo et al., 2014). European commission presented list of 20 metals with economic importance that some of them are in WEEE (Chancerel et al., 2015). Against forward logistic, inverse logistic is started from end user and where the products are collected, and these products will be remanufactured, repaired or disposed according to relevant decisions about management of product in end of life (Govindan et al., 2015). Inverse logistic is introduced as the process of goods movement from end point for aims and activities like reuse, remanufacturing, recycling and managing dangerous materials (Tibben‐Lembke & Rogers, 2002). Were there no closed loop supply chain, consumers’ behavior would cause to suddenly increase of wastes and natural resources destruction (Giri & Sharma, 2015). Many wastes like WEEE and household plastics that usually are contained valuable materials and economic aspects, could be recycled (Bing et al., 2015). It’s estimated that WEEE mass in 2017 will be 33% more than 2012 (65.4 million ton), so electrical and electronic wastes are especially intended (Kilic et al., 2015). King et al. (2006) studied the decreasing of wastes with repair, remanufacturing and recycling. Rahman and Subramanian (Rahman & Subramanian, 2012) studied the factors of computers in end of life in inverse logistic. In recent years many factors are named for inverse logistic and closed loop supply chain planning that they are economic aspects, customer expectations and government rules (Zahiri et al., 2014). Industrial countries are going to manage dangerous wastes and this problem is related to social and technological factors and also rules for preventing environmental destructions (Sasikumar & Haq, 2011).