Effect of Self-Directed Learning Readiness by Learner’s Interaction on Social Network Games

Introduction

Innovations in Computer and Information technologies affected Game Industry and Education invariably. Although, first computer game was created in 1961 called Spacewar by Steve Russell from MIT, computers were scarce in 1960s (Rabin, 2010). A noteworthy issue in the educational usage of games is the provision of support (Meij, Leemkuil, & Li, 2013). Today’s learners have sophisticated technological skills, and since technology offers learners a myriad of new and highly effective tools which they can use to learn autonomously, digital games could be a case for such an educational use (Oblinger & Oblinger, 2005; Reeves, 2008). According to PEW Reports (2008), computing has become ubiquitous in our daily lives through the use of devices such as smart phones, and via technologies like social software, and games. One of these, games, has become one of the most popular forms of entertainment with 53% of adults and 97% of teens taking part.

Games consisting of an elementary variety, for example, graphically, complexity and attention to interaction between players with systems and a narrative structure are encouraging signs that the concept of games for learning is gaining acceptance among educators. Furthermore, a majority of people believe that games are engaging, that they can be effective, and that they have a place in learning (Van Eck, 2006). Through advances in Information Communication and Technologies (ICT), the genre of digital gaming format has increased in variety, and especially most recently in the form of a mixture of traditional genres and the emergence of a new game style is showing an evolution of digital games. For example, current communication technologies that feature increased interactivity which facilitate two-way communication with users based on computer-mediated communication (CMC) systems, and computer networks via an online environment of the Internet, help bring this evolution to fruition. Hiemstra (1994) said that most learners spend a considerable time acquiring information and learning new skills in this situation. The rapidity of change, the continuous creation of new knowledge, and an ever-widening access to information make such acquisitions necessary. Learners need to prepare some skills for the future learning such as self-directed learning in which learners have primary responsibility for planning, implementing, and even evaluating the effort.

According to research results over the past decade relating to aspects of digital games in education, characteristics of digital games and the design imbedded for learning showed positive impact(s) upon the learners’ abilities for improvement, particularly in terms of motivation and retention (Beedle, 2004; Dickey, 2007; Kafai, 2006; Kirriemuir & McFarlane, 2005; McFarlane, Sparrowhawk, & Heald, 2002; Prensky, 2001; Squire & Jenkins, 2003). Furthermore, games are able to help facilitate conceptual learning, problem solving, collaboration, and practical participation (Gros, 2007); and virtual environments created by games can develop situated understanding, effective social practices, powerful identity, shared values, and various ways of thinking (Shaffer, Squire, Halverson, & Gee, 2005).