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Top1. Introduction
Recent advancement in wireless sensor networks is affordable and efficient using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). With its advancement different kinds of microsensors in WSN are available. The high speed and low power electronic devices are valid because of micro sensors (Huang et al., 2012; Blumrosen et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2013a; Wang et al.,2014; Tan et al., 2010a; Fu & You, 2013; Luo & Chen, 2012). These sensors are useful for monitoring physical phenomena, health care, surveillance and national security (Jagtap & Kumar, 2017; Alsmirat et al., 2017; Kartalopoulos., 2015). Typically, sensor nodes are small and tiny devices composed of three basic components namely, a sensing subsystem for transceiving the data, processing subsystem for acquired data processing and st1orage resources, and also possible actuators subsystems for transmitting the data (Omkar et al., 2011; Yildiz, 2012b; Ozturk et al., 2011; Tan et al., 2010b). Also, the organization of Sensor nodes in networks is particularly dense (Huping Xu et al., 2015; Liao et al., 2012b). Due to the smaller size of sensor nodes, the source of energy required by the device to function is provided by a tiny battery with a minimum energy budget. Since the WSNs are made up of tiny energy-hungry sensor nodes, their limitation is in its usage of energy constraints posed by the sensor nodes (Liu et al., 2013c; Liao et al., 2014; Zahhad et al., 2015). A major issue in WSNs is power scarcity, driven during environmental monitoring, data processing, and wireless communications.
To overcome this issue, a WSN with proper sensor node deployment is considered to improve the sensing as well as communication capabilities of the physical environment (Korbi & Zeadally, 2014; Liao et al., 2012a; Dorigo & Birattari, 2010; Agarwal et al., 2014; Stergiou et al., 2018). In general, a successful sensor node deployment strategy should consider both connectivity and target coverage of the network (Agarwal et al., 2015; Luo et al., 2012; Mini et al., 2014; Temel et al., 2014; Liu, 2012). The main objective of WSN is the target coverage (Alkhazaali, et al., 2017; He et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2013b;) (He et al., 2012; Mahboubi et al., 2011; Mahboubi et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2010). Coverage means each node in the network should be involved in the quality of surveillance (Luo et al., 2014; Mathews & Mathew, 2012; Shi et al., 2015). The sensor node's prime function represents every location in the Region Of Interest (ROI), it is sensed for any incidence of the event of interest (Wang et al., 2013). The events detected by these mobile nodes in the heterogeneous network should be involved in communication with the sink called Connectivity and network is not separated while on sensor node communication. Therefore, the efficiency of WSN has significantly depended on Sensor Node Deployment.