Energy Production in Smart Cities by Utilization of Kinetic Energy of Vehicles Over Speed Breaker

Variables

• Angular speed of the ratchet gear

• Angular speed of the pinion gear

• No. of tooth on ratchet gear

• No. of tooth on pinion gear

• Deflection of a spring

• Diameter of a wire

• n Number of springs

• Modulus of rigidity

• Mean diameter of a spring coil

• Effective designed load

• Number of active spring turns

• Total number of spring turns

• Pitch of a spring

• Actual length of a spring

• Total number of spring turns

• Developed Power

• K spring constant

• g Acceleration due to gravity

• Spring deflection length

• Φ Flux per pole

• Z Total number of armature conductors

• Induced EMF in any parallel path in armature

• µ0 Permeability of a free space

• z Relative axial distance from the center of the coil to the magnet

• r Average coil radial distance from the centre of the magnet

• The radial component of the magnetic flux density

• Total length of the coil wire inside the magnetic field

• µ0 Permeability (4π×10− 7 N/A²) of a vacuum,

• Magnetic dipole moment

• Electric conductivity

• Velocity of the magnet

• N Number of turns wrung on the cylindrical pipe external part

• Input voltage

• Average output voltage

• “ON” state duration

• “OFF” state duration

• Ts Switching period

• D Duty cycle

• Average input current

• Average output current

• Switching frequency

• Equivalent load resistance

• A Voltage gain

• Packing coefficient

• Filling coefficient

• Net thickness of the iron package

• Ku Utilization factor

• Flux per column

• Gross thickness

• Induced EMF per turns

• Primary winding current

• Secondary winding current

• Wire diameter

• Number of batteries wired in parallel

• Sinusoidal voltage peak magnitude

• Triangular carrier peak magnitude