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Top1. Introduction
The Semantic Web is an extension of the World Wide Web in which data is given well-defined meaning and better ways to share and integrate information. This type of web will allow computers and humans to more easily work together and share data and understand it much better than any previous system. A semantic web is made up of data that nodes are connected to each other in meaningful ways human (Choi et al., 2021; Luo et al., 2017). This means that when you are browsing the web, you can query for different types of information.
The web system is developed as a shared space where the users can interact with each other. However, this function of the web has become its most significant limitation. As most of the information is used by humans, that information is stored in the machine format(Zhang et al., 2019). To work in this scenario, researchers developed Symantec web, an improvised version of the classical web system. In the semantic web, computers store and analyze the information in an easily understandable form(X. Chang et al., 2015). The semantic web is a very complex topic it is developed by many different languages like XML (Bray et al., 2000, p. 0), RDF (Lassila & Swick, 1999), OIL (Fensel et al., 2000), DAML+OIL (Corcho et al., 2006), XOL (Karp et al., 1999), SHOE (Luke & Heflin, 2000), and OWL (Horrocks et al., 2003). all these languages are together tries to make information more understandable by the computers. Like any other information system Semantic web also has different layers. One of the most popular architectures of semantic page proposed by Berners-Lee. Till now Berners-Lee proposed for different architectures for Symantec web. How about some of those researchers argue that semantic web architecture can be represented as stack because different markup languages form it.
There is a need to develop an education system according to the user's need, and semantic web showing an opportunity in this direction. Therefore, the researchers propose using the semantic web in the east learning and the education system. In this context the basic reference model for semantic web based education system is represented in Figure 1 (I. I. Bittencourt et al., 2008). The semantic based web education system has three main in requirements: 1) Easy accessibility of storage; 2) The nodes or the agents in the reference models can understand the problems and issues of user; 3) The network capacity is high so that the user can extract the information on the semantic web (T. Anderson & Whitelock, 2004).
Figure 1.
Semantic web-based Education system (I. I. Bittencourt et al., 2008)
Some researchers proposed ontology-based techniques to improve the semantic web based education system. In the ontology-based approach the user personal data and requirements I stored in the form of ontologies. ontology is not a new term it is first explained by Studer (Staab et al., 2001) in 1998. After this ontology-based techniques are used to store the real world data computer understandable form. Due to this nature of ontology techniques Richards are proposing it to formulate the next generation education system, biology-based techniques it is easy to represent the knowledge in the computer readable form that will increase the interoperability of the education systems. In the next generation education systems, many different ontology based techniques are used; some of them are explained as follows (Rani et al., 2015):