Green Economic Growth Based on Urban Ecology and Biodiversity

Urban Ecology

The evolution sciences and the ecology of large urban systems assume elasticity and springing back and do not assume deterministic trajectories and endpoints of ecological systems. Social and ecological systems are coupled and interdependent. Review of urban ecology focusing on land-use ecological combinations suggested by ecological premises to promote biodiversity are based on the synergistic interactions of constituent land uses supporting biodiversity when clustered and intercepted in an urban matrix (Calkins, 2005). In ecology, meta is a regional landscape community dynamics of the population in scattered and patchy locations. An urban meta-mosaic comprises landscapes describing matter, organisms, energy, and information flows, landscapes of social, evolved or political choices, and the spatial outcomes of the choices and flows.

The ecological value can be increased in high-density urban contexts through the strategic implementation at different scales of green spaces interventions and solutions. Ecological indexes such as the Biotope Area Factor employed in Berlin measured the ecological value as a percentage of permeability and evapo-transporation of the land surface of the urban green spaces, including natural and artificial elements (International Energy Agency 2010). Some urban functions are more efficient, with the other have a low BAF performance. The lower the urban fabric density, the better the potential performance of BAF, and the lower the urban fabric coverage ratio, the higher the potential BAF.