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Top1. Introduction
In today’s modern materialistic world, the flourishing demand in less weight materials with high toughness and strength has led to the progress of composite materials (Ramkumar, Sivasankaran, Al-Mufadi, Siddharth, & Raghu, 2019). Various research has been carried on Metal matrix composites (MMCs), whereas final decade to explore various mechanical attributes like upgraded strength and stiffness, excellent damping performance, less density, and upgraded wear resilience, improved creep and fatigue properties. Since conventional materials are denser, stronger and heavier in weight, composite materials have been given much more importance (Bamane, Patil, Agarwal, & Kuppan, 2018). Hybrid composite consists of more than one reinforcement particulate with exceptional properties both at room and high environmental conditions (Prabhu et al., 2019). Aluminium based hybrid metal matrix composites (AHMMCs) have been developed and used for wear, thermal and structural applications over past few decades (Al-Salihi, Mahmood, & Alalkawi, 2019). These composites are developed and used for defence, military, automobile, marine, sports and consumer products considering their excellent mechanical and physical properties (V., R., R., V., & V., 2019). Fabrication techniques are important part of the design process for all structural materials including AMCs. AMCs are concocted using distinct methods like non-contact ultrasonic method, squeeze casting, stir casting, diffusion bonding, compo-casting, powder metallurgy, liquid metal infiltration and metal alloying (T. S. Kumar, Shalini, Ramu, & Thankachan, 2020). Among all the fabrication techniques, stir casting is the conventional and economical way to fabricate metal matrix composite with random orientation (Rajesh, Suresh, Nithyananth, & Prabhusubramaniam, 2018). Preeminent temperature creep behaviour of particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have been extensively analysed over past few decades, primarily in the interest of their immense potential as less weight structural materials under preeminent temperature (Wang, Qiu, Zhao, Zha, & Jiang, 2017). Neeraj K Bhoi et.al (Bhoi, Singh, & Pratap, 2020) reviewed the effect of micro/nano particle reinforced metal matrix composite material. The author mentioned that, addition of nano sized reinforcement’s show recommended structural integrity contrary to micro reinforcing particulates. The prime factors for the advancement in tribological and mechanical characteristics of MMCs were due to Orowon strengthening, grain refinement, solid solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening. D.S.Robinson Smart et.al (Robinson Smart, Pradeep Kumar, & Sanjit Cyrus, 2019) developed Al5083/CNT/Ni/MoS2 MMCs by traditional casting by stirring approach. Increment in wt% of CNT (0.5 to 1.5 wt%), Ni (2 to 5 wt%) and MoS2 (1 to 4 wt%) of reinforcement enhanced various mechanical and material characteristics. The author found that hollow structured and high aspect ratio of MWCNT culminates in amelioration in material strength and hardness which leads to increase in tensile and compression strength. Run Geng et.al (Geng, Zhao, Qiu, & Jiang, 2020) projected a innovatory verge upon the design and manufacturing of hierarchically structured Al-Mg-Si matrix composite reinforced with TiCp fabricated using accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Microstructural analysis shows hierarchical heterogeneous structure as consequential strengthening effect and improved strength-ductility balance compared to traditional laminated structure. Moreover, the size of the grain gradationally enhanced from the TiCp layer to the matrix layer, conceiving a bimodal-sized grain structure. Also, the hierarchical structure in 3.0-TiCp/M composite enhanced the yield strength (from 380 MPa to 443 MPa) with no need in monotonous elongation, compared to the 32-layered 3.0-TiCp composite, which is the promising material for industries. Dario Giugliano et.al (Giugliano, Barbera, Chen, Cho, & Liu, 2019) investigated the failure mechanism and the consequence of fibre cross-section geometry of Al2024T3 MMCs blended with continuous alumina (Al2O3) fibres with steady macro stress & thermal cyclic force. The authors observed that, for all geometry and loading levels, the most censorious damage methodology was the elevated temperature creep, which intimidates over the fatigue ruin. The beginning of a creep dwell poses repressive barrier to the material endurance that needs to be considered while design operation. It has also been identified that elliptical cross section where initiation of creep-fatigue crack happens in large area. Bo Jiang et.al (Jiang et al., 2019) evaluated the microstructural and creep behaviour of die-cast Mg-9Al-1Zn-1Sr alloy under temperatures and stresses ranging from 130°C - 170°C and 30 - 80 MPa. From the microstructural analysis it was observed that, the AZJ911 alloy consists of primal α-Mg grains, intermetallic phases, and comprehensible eutectic zones. Also, TEM observance showed that supplemental γ-Mg17Al12 platelets were precipitated in the magnesium matrix, persuading the Orowan strengthening impact which was dependable for the threshold stress. It was also accustomed dislocation climb as being the remarkable creep deformation operation. Meanwhile, when temperature and stress levels increased to 150°C & 70 MPa, the rate of creep enhanced with clear view of tertiary stage. From the slope of minimum creep rate vs stress, the stress exponent of AZJ911 alloy was accustomed as 8.4 kJ/mol, which is marginally greater from most creep mechanism. Later the stress exponent was reformed as 5.2 kJ/mol by establishing threshold stress in to the evaluation.