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Since their appearance, VANets (Vehicular Area Networks) caught the attention of research communities, major automakers and governments because of their potential applications and their specific characteristics. The VANets research results began with vehicle awareness of collision avoidance to Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. In addition, the high computing, communication, and storage resources of the vehicle are a fertile ground for deploying these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, the resources on board vehicles are for the most part underutilized. The introduction of the new hybrid technology known as Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) (Whaiduzzaman, Sookhak, Gani, & Buyya, 2014) has had a great impact on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) by utilizing underused vehicle resources such as GPS (Global Positioning System), storage, Internet, and computing power to make instant decisions and share information on the Cloud. At the same time, the proliferation of the automotive industry has made it possible to design more and more equipped vehicles even for everyday use vehicles. These latter include relatively more communication systems such as embedded computing devices, storage and computing power, GPS, etc. to provide an ITS. Thereby, by combining VCC technology and these new vehicles, we can obtain a state-of-the-art system that can solve most of the road safety and driver well-being problems.
Motivator Elements
Traffic accidents are considered to be one of the leading causes of death in the world. Every year more than 1.25 million people die in road traffic accidents and 20 to 50 million more are injured, sometimes even become disabled as a result of their injuries, according to the World Health Organization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). These accidents result in considerable economic losses for those who are victims, their families and the countries as a whole. In 2017, and in the United States only, there was a loss of $ 166 billion (160 in 2014) with 8.8 billion lost hours(6.9 in 2014) and lost 3.3 billion gallons (3.1 in 2014) of wasted gasoline due to traffic congestion (Schrank, Eisele, Lomax, & Bak, 2019). More seriously, these numbers will increase by about 65% over the next 20 years if there is no new commitment to prevention according to projections made within the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020).