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Several basic approaches can be taken towards learning. The direction in which one understands learning predetermines the learning setting considered as optimal. Consequently, it is a prerequisite to reach clarity about how one might understand “learning”. This chapter proposes:
learning as mental structural change (psychological approach)
learning as leapfrogging biological and evolutionary cycles (evolutionist approach)
learning as creating new (mental, existential) spaces by reflection (ontological approach).
In any case, it will be useful to keep in mind both learning of individuals and learning of society.